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General Biology 1 > Plant Tissues > Flashcards

Plant Tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

Two types of plant tissues

A

Meristematic and Permanent

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2
Q

Also called meristems. Regions in the plants that are in charge of producing new cells.

A

Meristematic tissues

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3
Q

Their name comes from the Greek word “merizein”, which means “divide”. These areas are responsible for growth and cell differentiation

A

Meristematic Tissues

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4
Q

Meristematic tissues are also known as?

A

Meristems

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5
Q

Refers to the biochemical and physical changes in cells leading to specialization for a particular function

A

Cell differentiation

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6
Q

Tissues that are already specialized for a particular function and cease to divide. They can be composed of living or dead cells that are already permanently positioned in a plant. Can be classified as either simple of complex.

A

Permanent Tissues

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7
Q

A tissue is said to be ____ when it is only made up of one type of cell.

A

simple

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8
Q

A tissue is said to be ____ when it is made up of two or more types of cells.

A

Complex

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9
Q

Types of Meristems

A

Apical meristem, Lateral Meristem, Intercalary Meristem

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10
Q

Responsible for producing new cells at both ends. Responsible for increasing the length of plants.

A

Apical Meristem

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11
Q

Two types of apical meristems

A

Shoot apical meristem, root apical meristem

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12
Q

SAM

A

Shoot apical meristem

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13
Q

RAM

A

Root apical meristem

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14
Q

They increase the plant’s diameter as it grows and can be found along the sides of the roots and stems.

A

Lateral meristem

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15
Q

Two types of lateral meristems

A

Vascular Cambium, Cork cambium

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16
Q

Produces the vascular tissues

A

Vascular cambium

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17
Q

Is responsible for producing the cork and epidermis in woody and herbaceous plants

A

Cork cambium

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18
Q

Responsible for the conduction of water, nutrients, and other metabolites

A

Vascular tissues

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19
Q

Are most commonly found in grasses. Enable a plant to rapidly grow its leaves and stems and repair damaged tissues and parts. Allows grasses to rapidly regrow when stepped on or cut, an adaptation to herbivory and grazing.

A

Intercalary meristem

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20
Q

The Three Tissue Systems

A

Dermal tissue, Vascular tissue, Ground tissue

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21
Q

Protect the entire plant from potentially harmful agents in the environments such as pathogens

A

Dermal tissue

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22
Q

Specialize in the transport of nutrients and substances throughout the plant’s body

A

Vascular tissue

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23
Q

Supplement the other two tissue systems by providing additional structural support and synthesizing organic materials

A

Ground tissue

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24
Q

3 types of ground tissues

A

Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

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25
Q

In some group of plants, the ground tissue is divided in to the ____ and the ____

A

pith and cortex

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26
Q

Are composed of thin-walled cells. Is vital for plants to repair wounds and damages. Aside from wound repair, they function for storage secretion, photosynthesis and transport.

A

Parenchyma

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27
Q

Are usually found in the soft, young and developing parts of plants. Are the plant body’s most abundant tissues. The main component of the fleshy part of fruits

A

Parenchyma

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28
Q

Are composed of mature, elongated, flexible, and thick-walled cells. Usually found in young leaves and stems of plants. Common in leaf petioles and even in aerial roots.

A

Collenchyma

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29
Q

4 types of collenchyma cells

A

Angular, Tangential, Annular, Lacunar

30
Q

Tissues that are composed of mostly dead, fibrous, crystal-like cells. Support mature plant organs. Important in transportation.

A

Sclerenchyma

31
Q

3 types of mechanical sclerenchyma

A

Fibers, sclereids, water-conducting sclerenchyma

32
Q

Are long, thin sclerenchyma

A

Fibers

33
Q

Are shorter, more cuboidal sclerenchyma

A

Sclereids

34
Q

Includes the tracheid and vessel elements

A

Water-conducting sclerenchyma

35
Q

Sclerenchyma’s secondary cell wall is made up of polymer ___

A

lignin

36
Q

Considered to be complex permanent tissues. Specialize in the transport of nutrients and substances throughout the plant’s body.

A

Vascular tissues

37
Q

The counterpart of the ground meristem in the vascular tissue

A

provascular meristem

38
Q

2 types of vascular tissues

A

Xylem, Phloem

39
Q

Are vascular tissues responsible for the upward transport of water and minerals from the roots to the shoots and leaves

A

Xylem

40
Q

Xylem is composed of what

A

tracheary elements, fibers, parenchyma cells

41
Q

Are vascular tissues responsible for transporting photosynthetic products like carbohydrates. Are composed mainly of living cells.

A

Phloem

42
Q

Are living cells with no nuclei and other membrane-bound organelles.

A

Sieve elements

43
Q

Two types of sieve elements

A

Sieve cells, sieve tube members

44
Q

Elongated and shaped like tracheid

A

Sieve cells

45
Q

Shorter and have wider ends

A

Sieve tube members

46
Q

Quite similar to the perforations found in the vessel elements

A

Sieve pores

47
Q

Vast clusters of sieve pores

A

Sieve areas

48
Q

The counterpart of the vessel in the phloem. Is a stack of sieve tube members. Considered to be more advanced since they are found only in Angiosperms

A

Sieve tube

49
Q

Are parenchyma cells that are associated with sieve tube elements. These cells do metabolic activities for the sieve tube elements.

A

Companion cells

50
Q

Are responsible for the loading and unloading of sugars and other nutrients to or from the sieve tube elements for transport.

A

Companion cells

51
Q

Other term for dermal tissue

A

Protoderm

52
Q

During secondary growth, the epidermis differentiates further and, along with other tissues, forms what?

A

periderm

53
Q

Is the outermost layer of the plant. It is made up of single layer of parenchymatous cells devoid of chloroplats.

A

Epidermis

54
Q

Is a protective layer made up of fatty molecules known as cutin

A

Cuticle

55
Q

Are strongly connected to provide mechanical support and protection to the plant

A

Epidermal cells

56
Q

Fatty molecules that made up the cuticle

A

cutin

57
Q

Specialized cells in the epidermis

A

Hairs or trichomes, Bulliform cells, Stomata

58
Q

Are epidermal outgrowths that can be unicellular or multicellular. Used as a defense against predators

A

Hairs or trichomes

59
Q

Are group of cells that contain large vacuoles and have thin cell walls. They provide mechanical support and serve as water reservoirs

A

Bulliform cells

60
Q

Are pores that control the exchange of gases and water transpiration in plants. Their action is facilitated by guard cells

A

Stomata

61
Q

Facilitates the actions of the stomata

A

Guard cells

62
Q

More commonly known as wood

A

secondary xylem

63
Q

In certain group of plants, most commonly in woody plants, the cells between the vascular bundles continue to divide and differentiate forming what?

A

vascular cambium

64
Q

Its parenchyma cells undergo cell division once more to give rise to the cork cambium or the phellogen

A

Secondary phloem

65
Q

When the cork cambium’s outer cells differentiate, they become ___ which are dead at maturity

A

cork cells

66
Q

These cork cells eventually pile up to form the ___ or the cork

A

phellem

67
Q

An inner cell of the cork cambium may also differentiate into a layer of living parenchyma cells known as what?

A

Phelloderm

68
Q

Some of these parenchyma cells also contain ____

A

chloroplasts

69
Q

The phellem, phellogen, phelloderm make up the what?

A

Periderm

70
Q

A thick protective layer of secondary tissue in stems and roots. Replaces the epidermis. It protects plant stems and roots against desiccation, freezing, herbivory, heat, and the other possible damages

A

Periderm

General Biology 1 (12 decks)

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