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General Biology 1 > Functions of Cell Organelles > Flashcards

Functions of Cell Organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

Structures closely associated with (but are not) organelles

A

Cytoplasm, Ribosome, Plasma Membrane, Centriole, Cell Wall, Cytoskeleton

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2
Q

Consists of the cytosol, organelles, ions, and the plasma membrane

A

Cytoplasm

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3
Q

It includes water, soluble compounds, biomolecules, and other materials

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

Is the liquid portion of the cell, a “solution” where the organelles are suspended

A

Cytosol

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5
Q

Are minuscule structures consisting of small and large units of proteins and RNA molecules

A

Ribosome

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6
Q

They are sites of protein synthesis

A

Ribosome

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7
Q

Some are free-floating in the cytoplasm, while some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Ribosome

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8
Q

Envelopes each cell of an organism

A

Plasma Membrane

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9
Q

It serves as the boundary between what is inside the cell and its external environment

A

Plasma membrane

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10
Q

It regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell. Composed primarily of lipids with embedded proteins and carbohydrates. Sometimes called the cell membrane

A

Plasma Membrane

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11
Q

Other term for the plasma membrane

A

Cell membrane

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12
Q

Are structures that are present only in animals. They function during cell division, where they produce spindle fibers that aid in chromosome movement

A

Centriole

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13
Q

A rigid structure that aims to protect the cell and provide structural support.

A

Cell wall

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14
Q

In plants, this also has specialized structures called plasmodesmata.

A

Cell wall

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15
Q

The plant cell wall is primarily composed of what?

A

Cellulose

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16
Q

The fungal cell wall is composed mainly of what?

A

Chitin

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17
Q

Cellulose and chitin are both examples of what?

A

Polysaccharides

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18
Q

Long chains of simple sugars

A

Polysaccharides

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19
Q

These are holes in the cell wall that allow the communication and transportation of materials between cells.

A

Plasmodesmata

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20
Q

Are complex, dynamic networks of proteins that have diverse functions and structures.

A

Cytoskeleton

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21
Q

3 types of Cytoskeleton

A

Microtubules, Intermediate Filaments, Microfilaments

22
Q

Hollow cylinders about 23 nm in diameter. Helps in the maintenance of cell shape and integrity, transportation of molecules and organelles, cellular movement, and cell wall synthesis.

A

Microtubules

23
Q

Examples of microtubules

A

Mitotic spindle fibers, flagella

24
Q

Filaments with a diameter around 10 nm. Essential in structural support and cell-to-cell junction.

A

Intermediate Filaments

25
Q

Example of intermediate filaments

A

Nuclear envelope, keratin proteins

26
Q

Are important in cytokinesis, cell shape maintenance, cellular transportation, and cell contraction

A

Microfilaments

27
Q

Membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotes

A

Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Peroxisome, Mitochondria, Vacuole, Plastids

28
Q

The command center of the cell. Covered with a nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope.

A

Nucleus

29
Q

A central genetic region

A

Nucleus

30
Q

It also has nuclear pores

A

Nucleus

31
Q

Allow the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus

A

Nuclear pores

32
Q

What is DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

33
Q

Is a system of continuous membrane within the cytoplasm. It forms sacs called cisternae.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

34
Q

Sacs formed by the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Cisternae

35
Q

Two types of endoplasmic reticulum

A

Smooth ER, Rough ER

36
Q

Is responsible for the synthesis and storage of lipids

A

Smooth ER

37
Q

Responsible for the synthesis and packaging of proteins. It has ribosomes attached to it

A

Rough ER

38
Q

Composed of folded sacs like the ER. Is responsible for collecting molecules and joining them to form macromolecules

A

Golgi apparatus

39
Q

It is also responsible for packaging and transporting molecules in the cell. Transported molecules are stored in vesicle.

A

Golgi apparatus

40
Q

Formed from the Golgi apparatus. They are like specialized vesicles that function for intracellular digestion. For breaking down the “food” that enters the cell, including molecules and viruses.

A

Lysosomes

41
Q

In charge of destroying the cell when it undergoes programmed death. Contains a set of digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomes

42
Q

Digest toxic materials. Differ from lysosomes in terms of the enzymes that they contain. Contain oxidative enzymes, which are enzymes that require oxygen.

A

Peroxisome

43
Q

“Powerhouse of the cell”

A

Mitochondria

44
Q

Important in energy production. Cellular respiration occurs here.

A

Mitochondria

45
Q

Folds of the inner membrane are known as?

A

Cristae

46
Q

A fluid-filled membrane. They are much larger in plant cells. Their function is to store nutrients, wastes, and water

A

Vacuole

47
Q

Plants and algae have specialized membrane-bound organelles called ___. They have double membranes. They have diverse functions and structures.

A

Plastids

48
Q

This organelle contains disc-like structures called thylakoids

A

Chloroplast

49
Q

Contains photosynthetic pigments called chlorophyll

A

Thylakoids

50
Q

Is what the plant cell uses to collect sunlight for photosynthesis

A

Chlorophyll

51
Q

Stacks of thylakoids are called what?

A

Grana

52
Q

It is responsible for producing and storing pigments such as carotenoids. They give color to plants.

A

Chromoplast

General Biology 1 (12 decks)

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