Plant Tissue and Organs

Question 1

What is the meristem?

Answer 1

An area of unspecialised cells within a plant that can divide and differentiate into other cell types.

Question 2

Define organ.

Answer 2

A collection of tissues working together to perform a function/related functions.

Question 3

What is phloem?

Answer 3

Tissue that carries products of photosynthesis in solution within plants.

Question 4

What is xylem?

Answer 4

Tissue that carries water and mineral ions from the roots to all parts of the plant.

Question 5

What are the three main types of plant tissues?

Answer 5

Epidermal
Vascular
Meristematic

Question 6

What is the equivalent of epithelial tissue in plants?

Answer 6

Epidermal

Question 7

What do the epidermis cells do?

Answer 7

Form a protective covering over leaves, stems and roots.

Question 8

Why do some epidermal cells have a waxy substance impregnated in their walls?

Answer 8

So that plants living in a hot climate don’t lose as much water.

Question 9

What is the main function of vascular tissue?

Answer 9

Transport

Question 10

What are the two types of vascular tissue?

Answer 10

Xylem and phloem

Question 11

What do xylem vessels carry?

Answer 11

Water and minerals from the roots to all other parts of the plant.

Question 12

What do phloem sieve tubes do?

Answer 12

Transfer the products of photosynthesis in solution from leaves to parts of the plant that do not photosynthesise.

Question 13

What parts of the plant don’t photosynthesise?

Answer 13

Flowers, roots an growing shoots.

Question 14

What does meristematic tissue contain?

Answer 14

Stem cells.

Question 15

What happens at the meristematic tissue?

Answer 15

It is where all other plant cells are derived by cell differentiation.

Question 16

Where is meristematic tissue found?

What is the name of these areas?

Answer 16

At root and shoot tips, and in the cambium of vascular bundles.
Meristems

Question 17

Describe the cells in meristems.

Answer 17

They have thin walls containing very little cellulose.
Do not have chloroplasts.
Do not have a large vacuole
Can divide by mitosis and differentiate into other types of cells.

Question 18

Give the two steps to how xylem is derived from cambium cells in the meristem.

Answer 18

Lignin is deposited into their cell walls to reinforce and waterproof them, however this also kills the cells.
The ends of the cell breakdown so that the xylem is forms continuous columns with wide lumens to carry water and dissolved minerals.

Question 19

Give the two steps to how cambium cells derive into phloem sieve tubes or companion cells.

Answer 19

Sieve tubes lose most of their organelles, and sieve plates form between them.
Companion cells keep their organelles ibn order to provide ATP for the active loading of sugars into the sieve tubes.

Question 20

Give four examples of plant organs.

Answer 20

Leaf
Root
Flower
Stem

Question 21

What is the function of the leaf?

Answer 21

Photosynthesis.

Question 22

What are the functions of the root?

Answer 22

Anchorage in soil
Absorption of mineral ions and water
Storage, carrots store carbs in their roots.

Question 23

What are the functions of the stem?

Answer 23

Support
Holds leave up so that they are exposed to more sunlight
Transportation of water and minerals
Transportation of products of photosynthesis
Storage of products of photosynthesis.

Question 24

What is the function of the flower?

Answer 24

Sexual reproduction.