Animal Tissues Flashcards
Define tissue.
A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function/set of functions.
What are the four main types of tissue?
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissues
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
What do connective tissues do?
Hold structures together and provide support.
What does muscle tissue do?
Contract and cause movement.
What does nervous tissue do?
Conduct electrical impulses.
Epithelial tissue is made up of what?
It is made almost entirely of cells.
What are adjacent cells in epithelial tissue bound together by?
Lateral contacts, such as tight junctions and desmosomes.
Why are there no blood vessels in epithelial tissue?
The cells receive their nutrients via diffusion from the tissue fluid in the underlying connective tissue.
Epithelial cells have short cell cycles why is this?
To replace worn or damaged tissue.
How many times a day do epithelial cells replace themselves?
2-3 times a day
What are epithelial cells functions?
Protection Absorption Filtration Excretion Secretion
Connective tissue consists of a non-living extracellular matrix containing what?
Polysaccharides and proteins.
What does the matrix in connective tissue allow?
It separates the living cells within the tissue and enables it to withstand forces such as weight.
What is the name of immature cells in connective tissue?
Chondroblasts
What do chondrocytes do?
Maintain the matrix.
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline
Fibrous
Elastic
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
At the end of long bones in adults
Joins ribs to the sternum
found in the nose, trachea and larynx (voice box)
Where does fibrous cartilage occur?
In discs between the vertebrae and in the knee joint.
Where does elastic cartilage occur?
It makes up the outer ear (pinna) and the epiglottis (the flap that covers the larynx when you swallow.
What does vascularised mean?
Something has many blood vessels usually referring to muscle tissue.
What are muscle cells called?
Fibres
What do myofilaments do?
Allow the muscle to contract
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
What does skeletal muscle do?
Cause bones to move when they contract.
What does cardiac muscle do?
Allows the heart to bet and pump blood.
What does smooth muscle do?
Propels substances along the intestines, blood vessels, uterus and urinary tracts
