Diversity In Animal Cells Flashcards
What is differentiation?
Process by which stem cells become specialised into different types of cells
What are epithelial cells?
Cells that constitute lining tissue
What are erythrocytes and what stem cells do they come from?
Red blood cells, made by bone marrow stem cells
What are neutrophils and which stem cells make them?
Types of white b,kid cell that is phagocytic (can ingest microbes and small particles). They are made by bone marrow stem cells
What are stem cells?
Unspecialised cells able to express all of its genes and divide by mitosis
Why are specialised cells needed in large organisms?
Most of the cells are not on the external surface. They must therefore have a specialised function.
What happens when embryonic cells differentiate?
They switch of certain genes and express others.
What happens when embryonic cells differentiate? (3)
Change the proportion of the different organelles differs from those of the other cells
The shape of the cell changes
Some of the contents of the cells change
What on the erythrocytes increases the surface area to volume ratio?
The biconcave structure. Most of the organelles are lost at differentiation
How is more room made for haemoglobin in erythrocytes?
Most of the organelles are lost in differentiation making more room for them.
Why is it important that erythrocytes are flexible?
They are able to twist and turn through the narrow capillaries
What percentage of the body’s white blood cells are neutrophil?
50%
By what process do neutrophils travel towards pathogens?
Chemotaxis
Why do spermatozoa contain large amounts of mitochondria?
For the undulipodium. To transport it towards the ovum
Where are the enzymes found in the spermatozoa that digest the outer protecting of the ovum?
In the acrosome. A special type of lysosome.
