Meiosis

Question 1

Why does sexual reproduction increase genetic mutation?

Answer 1

It involves the combining of genetic material from two usually unrelated individuals of the same species by the process of fertilisation.

Question 2

How does genetic variation increase that species chance of survival?

Answer 2

Some individuals will have adapted to the environment and this characteristic will then be passed on.

Question 3

What does meiosis mean?

Answer 3

Reduction

Question 4

What are the eight main stages of meiosis?

Answer 4

Prophase 1 and 2
Metaphase 1 and 2
Anaphase 1 and 2
Telophase 1 and 2

Question 5

What happens during prophase 1?

Answer 5

Chromatin condenses and each chromosome supercoils
Nuclear envelope breaks down
Spindles threads of tubulin form
Chromosomes come together in their homologous pair
Crossing over occurs with non-sister chromatids when they wrap around each other

Question 6

Two nuclear envelopes form around each set of chromosomes.

What stage of meiosis is this?

Answer 6

Telophase 1

Question 7

The homologous chromosomes attach along the equator of the spindle, is what phase?

Answer 7

Metaphase 1

Question 8

What happens during anaphase 1?

Answer 8

Chromosomes are pulled apart by motor proteins
The centromeres do not divide though the whole chromosome is pulled to the side
Alleles are swapped due to crossing over phase

Question 9

What pulls chromosomes apart on the spindles?

Answer 9

Motor proteins drag them along the tubulin threads of spindle

Question 10

What is the name of the cells formed in telophase 2?

Answer 10

Haploid cells

Question 11

Crossing over during prophase one
Independent assortment of chromosomes in anaphase one
Independent assortment of chromatids in anaphase two
Are all examples of what during meiosis?

Answer 11

How genetic variation is produced

Question 12

What part do the spindles attach to in metaphase one and two?

Answer 12

The centromere

Question 13

How are anaphase one and two different?

Answer 13

In anaphase one the centromeres do not split and the chromosomes remain whole. In anaphase two the centromere splits and the chromatids from each chromosome move into separate cells

Question 14

What happens during prophase 2?

Answer 14

Nuclear envelopes break down
Chromosomes coil and condense each consisting of two chromatids
Chromatids of each chromosome no longer identical