Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

biology > Plant Test > Flashcards

Plant Test Flashcards

1
Q

3 principal organs of seed plants

A
  1. roots
  2. stems
  3. leaves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 main tissue systems

A
  1. dermal tissue
  2. vascular tissue
  3. ground tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dermal tissue

A

the outer covering of a plant which consists of epidermal cells, protects the plant from water loss and injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what makes up dermal tissue

A

epidermal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cuticle

A

non-cellular protective layer produced by epidermal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Trichomes

A

a projection that helps protect the leaf and also give it a fuzzy appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Guard Cells

A

regulate water loss and gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Root Hair Cells

A

provide a large amount of surface area and aid in water absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vascular Tissue

A

forms a transport system that moves water and nutrients throughout a plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is vascular tissue consist of (2 things)

A
  1. xylem
  2. phloem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Xylem

A

a water-conducting tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Phloem

A

a food-conducting tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Two types of xylem cells

A

1.tracheids
2.xylem vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tracheids

A

hollow thick cell walls that resist pressure (mostly in gymnosperms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Xylem Vessel

A

is a series of cells arranged in a way that enables rapid and more efficient water and mineral conduction (mostly in angiosperms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The phloem contains…(2 things)

A

sieve tube element and companion cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sieve tube

A

phloem cells joined end-to-end to form sieve tubes (the conducting element of the phloem)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Phloem

A

transports solutions of nutrients and carbs produced by photo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Companion Cells

A

phloem cells that surround sieve tube elements. they support the phloem cells and aid in the movement of substances moving sugar and amino acids in and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gymnosperm

A

seeds are not formed inside a fruit (naked seeds) typically in colder environments, develop needle-like leaves, the xylem does not have vessels and the phloem has no companion cells and sieve tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Angiosperms

A

seeds are found in flowers (flowering plants) they bear seeds that are enclosed and protected by the fruit, and make up a majority of plants on Earth, can survive in a variety of habitats including marine habitats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ground Tissue

A

cells that lie between dermal and vascular tissue that make up the ground tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

3 types of ground tissue

A
  1. parenchyma
  2. collenchyma
  3. sclerenchyma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Parenchyma

A

in leaves, they form the mesophyll layer and are responsible for photo, in roots they aid in storage of starch, protein, fats, oil, and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Collenchyma
provide structural support allowing for easy bending without breakage, (not usually in roots)they are composed of living elongated cells with thick cellulose walls (the strings in celery stick) usually found under the epidermis
26
Sclerenchyma
the principal supporting cells that help maintain position, shape, and form, form protective coverings around seeds, mature sclerenchyma cells are dead + have secondary cell walls thickened with cellulose and a lot of ligin
27
Ligin
a compound found in the cell walls of plants, it binds with cellulose to make sturdy strong cell walls more ligin=the woodier it becomes
28
Meristems
a cluster of tissues that is responsible for continuing growth through a plant lifetime produces new cells by mitosis
29
2 types of meristems
1. apical meristems 2. lateral meristems
30
Apical meristems
near the tip of each growing stem and root, a group of undifferentiated cells divide to produce increased lengths of stems and roots
31
Lateral meristems
aka secondary growth cause an increase in stem growth(width)
32
Two main types of roots
1. tap roots 2. fibrous roots
33
Tap roots
mainly found in dicots, the primary root is long and thick, secondary roots are small, they store sugar or starches
34
Fibrous roots
mainly found in monocots, lots of little roots (not one big one), prevent topsoil erosion
35
Monocots
seed: the leafy portion of the embryo stores nutrients stem: vascular bundles scattered in the stem leaf: leaf veins form a parallel pattern flower: flower parts in trees and multiples of threes
36
Dicots
seed: the leafy portion of the embryo stores nutrients stem: vascular bundles in a distinct ring leaf: veins form a net pattern (V) flower: flower parts in four or fives and their multiples
37
Nitrogen (role and deficiency)
role: proper leaf growth and color deficiency: stunted growth, yellow leaves
38
Potassium (role and deficiency)
role: synthesis of proteins resistance to cold and disease deficiency: weak stems, leaf edges turn brown
39
Magnesium (role and deficiency)
role: synthesis of chlorophyll deficiency: thin stems, pale leaves
40
Calcium (role and deficiency)
role: cell wall structure/enzyme action deficiency: stunted growth/curled leaves
41
Two ways water travels through roots
1. symplastic 2. apoplastic
42
Symplastic
through the cell
43
Apoplastic
extracellular spaces along the cell wall
44
Casprian Strip
prevents apoplastic flow into the vascular tube
45
Root Pressure
is when water moves from the cortex and flows into the vascular cylinder and more water gets forced upward through the root in the stem
46
Transpiration
the loss of water from leaves and other parts of a plant
47
2 properties of water before transpiration
1. cohesion 2. adhesion
48
Cohesion
the sticking together of molecules of the same kind (hydrogen bonds sticking together to make H20)
49
Adhesion
the sticking together of molecules of different kinds (when water adheres to molecules of the vascular tissue cell walls
50
How do guard cells close and open
potassium
51
how much of the water is used for photo
1%
52
what is phloem sap
a sugar solution that is the product of photo and is transported by the phloem
53
Sugar source
any part of the plants that produces sugar by photo
54
Phloem path (where it goes)
sugar source-> sugar sink
55
sugar sink
any part of the plant that consumes of stores sugar
56
Cotyledons
are the first leaf proudces by plants. not considered true leafs and are sometimes referred to as seed leaves, because they are part of the seed embryo of the plant
57
Plumule
the part of the embryo which develops into the shoot and has the first true leaves in both mono and dicot plants
58
Hypocotyl
enable the seedling to reach sunlight it becomes the stem (first to see the sun)
59
Radicle or primary root
the first organ to appear when a seed germinates, the embryonic root, absorbs water+nutritents+supplies for the leave
60
3 main functions of the stem
1.produce leaves,branches, flower 2. they hold up leaves to the sunlight 3. they transport substances between roots and leaves
61
innernode
region between node to node
62
Node
the place where leaves attach
63
Buds
contain underdeveloped tissue that can produce new stems and leaves
64
Petiole
able to twist the leaf to face the sun
65
Leaflets
(individual leaves) are attached to a stemline structure called rachis
66
Blades
used to collect sunlight, most leaves have thin flattened sections called blades
67
Zone of elongation
where root cells are growing bigger
68
Zone of maturation
where root cells are being differentiated

biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions