Amphibians Flashcards
What does the word amphibian mean
double life
where do amphibians live
in the water as a larva and on land as an adult
how do amphibians breathe (general)
gills as larvae and lungs as an adult
when did the first amphibians appear
in the late Devonian period
what did they need to evolve from water creatures to land animals
- breathe air
- protect themselves and their eggs from drying air
- support themselves against gravity
age of amphibians
carboniferous period (when amphibians were the most dominant creature)
3 orders of amphibians
- frogs and toads
- salamanders
- caecilians
What are salamanders?
they have long bodies and tails. they are carnivores and the adults usually live in moist woods. Most salamanders have 4 toes on the front and 5 on the back. they can regenerate a limp (takes abt 10 weeks)
What are caecilians
legless animals that live in water and burrow in moist soil. feed on small invertebrates. they have teeth and jaws. skin is made of ring-shaped skin things. different from worms bc they have a skull and backbone. eyes (tiny and hidden beneath skin and bone)
FROGS v.s. toads
can jump high. tied to the water more. higher rounder bulgier eyes. narrow body. longer hind legs. some can alter their gender based on the environment
frogs v.s. TOADS
don’t need water to live. rough, dry bumpy skin, wider body, shorter less powerful, run and small hops (not jumps), lower football-shaped eyes, not many predators
frog tadpoles
filter feeders
frog adults
carnivorous and can eat anything that they can swallow
the pancreas
2nd largest gland in the frog (flat and irregular)
Two functions of the pancreas
- secretes hormone insulin(allows cells to absorb and use sugar
- secretes pancreatic juice(help digest food) which then goes to the duodenum through duct
Duodenum
a c-shaped structure (The anterior (front) part of the small intestine into which food passes from the stomach)
ileum
its coiled. it is about 20.25cm long. illeum is internally highly folded and helps to absorb nutrients
Cloaca
where the digestive waste, urine, sperm, and eggs exit
Two types of respiration
- pulmonary respiration
- cutaneous respiration
Pulmonary Respiration
breathing using lungs. they fill the mouth cavity w/, close the mouth, and force air into the lungs and when they are full the frog will contract its mouth. the air goes through the nostrils.
The first loop of the circulatory system
carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs and takes oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart
The second loop of the circulatory system
transports oxygen-rich blood from the heart -> to the rest of the body and carries oxygen-poor blood from the body ->to the heart
3 Separate chambers of the heart
- right atrium
- left atrium
- ventricle
(know how to blood flows through this and where it gets it oxygen)
Kidneys
filter waste from the blood
