Amphibians

Question 1

What does the word amphibian mean

Answer 1

double life

Question 2

where do amphibians live

Answer 2

in the water as a larva and on land as an adult

Question 3

how do amphibians breathe (general)

Answer 3

gills as larvae and lungs as an adult

Question 4

when did the first amphibians appear

Answer 4

in the late Devonian period

Question 5

what did they need to evolve from water creatures to land animals

Answer 5

1. breathe air
2. protect themselves and their eggs from drying air
3. support themselves against gravity

Question 6

age of amphibians

Answer 6

carboniferous period (when amphibians were the most dominant creature)

Question 7

3 orders of amphibians

Answer 7

1. frogs and toads
2. salamanders
3. caecilians

Question 8

What are salamanders?

Answer 8

they have long bodies and tails. they are carnivores and the adults usually live in moist woods. Most salamanders have 4 toes on the front and 5 on the back. they can regenerate a limp (takes abt 10 weeks)

Question 9

What are caecilians

Answer 9

legless animals that live in water and burrow in moist soil. feed on small invertebrates. they have teeth and jaws. skin is made of ring-shaped skin things. different from worms bc they have a skull and backbone. eyes (tiny and hidden beneath skin and bone)

Question 10

FROGS v.s. toads

Answer 10

can jump high. tied to the water more. higher rounder bulgier eyes. narrow body. longer hind legs. some can alter their gender based on the environment

Question 11

frogs v.s. TOADS

Answer 11

don’t need water to live. rough, dry bumpy skin, wider body, shorter less powerful, run and small hops (not jumps), lower football-shaped eyes, not many predators

Question 12

frog tadpoles

Answer 12

filter feeders

Question 13

frog adults

Answer 13

carnivorous and can eat anything that they can swallow

Question 14

the pancreas

Answer 14

2nd largest gland in the frog (flat and irregular)

Question 15

Two functions of the pancreas

Answer 15

1. secretes hormone insulin(allows cells to absorb and use sugar
2. secretes pancreatic juice(help digest food) which then goes to the duodenum through duct

Question 16

Duodenum

Answer 16

a c-shaped structure (The anterior (front) part of the small intestine into which food passes from the stomach)

Question 17

ileum

Answer 17

its coiled. it is about 20.25cm long. illeum is internally highly folded and helps to absorb nutrients

Question 18

Cloaca

Answer 18

where the digestive waste, urine, sperm, and eggs exit

Question 19

Two types of respiration

Answer 19

1. pulmonary respiration
2. cutaneous respiration

Question 20

Pulmonary Respiration

Answer 20

breathing using lungs. they fill the mouth cavity w/, close the mouth, and force air into the lungs and when they are full the frog will contract its mouth. the air goes through the nostrils.

Question 21

The first loop of the circulatory system

Answer 21

carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs and takes oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 22

The second loop of the circulatory system

Answer 22

transports oxygen-rich blood from the heart -> to the rest of the body and carries oxygen-poor blood from the body ->to the heart

Question 23

3 Separate chambers of the heart

Answer 23

1. right atrium
2. left atrium
3. ventricle
   (know how to blood flows through this and where it gets it oxygen)

Question 24

Kidneys

Answer 24

filter waste from the blood

Question 25

Where is urine temporarily stored

Answer 25

in the urinary bladder (right above the cloaca)

Question 26

Most species of amphibians are…. (reproduction)

Answer 26

oviparous because they lay eggs in the water

Question 27

Salamanders reproduce by

Answer 27

males place sperm packets in the water and the female inserts her packet into her cloaca to fertilize the egg and deposit it on a water structure.

Question 28

How long does it take for adults to be ready to breed

Answer 28

one-two years

Question 29

What are the sperm packets that the males put down called

Answer 29

spermatophore

Question 30

how long does it take the fertilized eggs to hatch

Answer 30

a few days-two weeks later

Question 31

Amphibians eyes

Answer 31

are protected from damage and kept moist by a transparent nictitating membrane

Question 32

what do amphibians hear through

Answer 32

tympanic membrane or eardrums located on each side of the head