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biology > Fish Quiz > Flashcards

Fish Quiz Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Esophagus

A

extends from the mouth to the stomach

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2
Q

Stomach

A

a strong muscle. the stomach wall secretes hydrochloric acid (acid 2.0) and digestive enzymes. they soften and break down food.

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3
Q

What can stop hydrochloric acid

A

bile

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4
Q

Pyloric Ceca

A

small finger-like pouches that absorb the nutrients that were in the food

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5
Q

Pancreas

A

produces insulin. releases digestive enzymes into the intestine. break down food.

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6
Q

Intestine

A

finish the job of absorbing energy and digestion

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7
Q

Liver

A

produces bile and excretes it to the gallbladder

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8
Q

Gallbladder

A

stores bile

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9
Q

Multiple functions of the bile in the liver

A
  1. emulsification
  2. neutralizes hydrochloric acid
  3. ensure toxins are returned to the intestine for excretion
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10
Q

Emulsification

A

breaking down lipids so they can fit through the cell and be absorbed and used as nutrients

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11
Q

Swim Bladder

A

fish fill the bladder w/ oxygen. when its inflated the fish float the the surface and when its deflated they sink

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12
Q

Urinary Bladder

A

pink thing near the swim bladder that stores urine untill it is excreted

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13
Q

Kidney

A

brown thing next to the swim bladder that helps to control the amount of water in their bodies. used to remove urea and waste from the blood.

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14
Q

Heart (purpose)

A

closed circulatory system. pumps blood around the body.

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15
Q

Pattern of blood

A

heart->gills->rest of the body

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16
Q

Parts of the heart

A
  1. sinus venosus
  2. atrium
  3. ventricle
  4. bulbous arteriosis
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17
Q

Sinus venous

A

oxygen-poor blood from the veins collects in the sinus venosus

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18
Q

Atrium

A

large muscular chamber, a one-way compartment for blood about to go to the vesicle

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19
Q

Ventricle(of the heart)

A

much bigger, and stronger because it has to push all over the fish’s body

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20
Q

Bulbus Arteriosis

A

maintains a steady flow of blood to the gills

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21
Q

Where is blood pumped after the bulbous arteriosis?

A

the vertical aorta which is connected to the BA.

22
Q

Fish Respiration

A

fish exchange gasses using gills located on either side of the pharynx. they pull oxygen-rich water over their gill filaments and push oxygen-poor water out through the opening in the sides of the pharynx.

23
Q

Countercurrent exchange

A

how to fish exchange oxygen in their blood

24
Q

Lamella

A

used to increase the surface area in contact with the environment to maximize gas exchange

25
Q

Operculum

A

hard bony flap composed of four fused bones that protect the gill opening

26
Q

Excretion

A

consequence of protein breakdown

27
Q

Role of ammonia in excretion

A

when proteins are broken down the amino group removed must be dealt with. the amnio group is changed to ammonia (toxic, soluble in water)

28
Q

IF the organism has a sufficient source of water…. (something to do with ammonia)

A

the organism will dilute ammonia and then excrete it from the body. the liver will then convert the ammonia into urea which is less toxic and uses less water to excrete.

29
Q

The effect of salt on saltwater fish

A

they tend to lose water because of osmosis. to get rid of excess salt, they pump salt through cells in their gills and their kidneys. this is reversed in freshwater fish

30
Q

Lateral Line

A

a sense organ that consists of a row of scales that most fish have extending from their head to tail, senses movement in the water

31
Q

Nervous system

A

the brain is situated at the anterior end of the spinal cord and has several different parts

32
Q

5 parts of the brain we learned

A
  1. olfactory nerve
  2. cerebrum
  3. optic lobe
  4. cerebellum
  5. medulla oblongata
33
Q

Olfactory Nerve

A

helps to smell. at the front are the smaller (olfaction) detectors a.k.a. the olfactory nerves

34
Q

Cerebrum

A

voluntary activities of the body. used in most vertebrates.

35
Q

Optic Lobe

A

fish can distinguish colors (for mating)

36
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordinates body movements

37
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

controls automatic functions (heart breathing, digestion, blood vessels) transfers messages (brain and spinal cord)

38
Q

Bile

A

prevents ulceration of the intestine

39
Q

Lungfish

A

when the rivers dry up they bury themselves in the mud and make a mucus egg like thing around themselves and they leave one hole for breathing. they can stay in it for up to 4 years

40
Q

LAteral Line

A

helps fish detect movement and vibration in the surrounding water including predators and prey

41
Q

Reproduction

A

the eggs of fish are always fertilized wether externally or internally

42
Q

Oviparous

A

eggs that hatch after they have been laid by the parent . the embryos obtain food by the yolk in the egg

43
Q

Ovovivipaurous

A

the eggs stay in the mother after fertilization. mom doesnt provide food because it is the yolk “young born “alive””.

44
Q

Viviparous

A

the embyos stay in the mothers body after internal fertilization. they get their food 1st form the yold and then from the mothers body. sometimes they eat other embryos.

45
Q

Species of fish that can live in saltwater but breed in the freshwater

A

anadromous fish (salmoln and sturgeon live in the ocean but lay eggs in freshwater.)

46
Q

fish that fish that live in freshwater but migrate to the ocean to breed

A

catadromous fish

47
Q

European eels

A

swim out to the Sargasso Sea to lay eggs. The young eels find their way to freshwater and migrate upstream to live, then back to saltwater to breed.

48
Q

3 types of fish

A

jawless, cartilaginous, and bony

49
Q

Bony

A

bony fish make up the class osteichthyes. almost all living bony fish are ray-finned.

50
Q

Cartilaginous

A

the skeletons of these fish are made out of cartilage (sharks, rays, skates, lumpfish, sawfish, etc…)

51
Q

Rays

A

are kite-shaped with whip-like tails that are longer than their bodies and have stinging spines (viviparous)

52
Q

Skates

A

shorter tail, are rounder, and have fleshier tails with a small fin (oviparous)

biology (6 decks)

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