Fish Quiz Flashcards
Esophagus
extends from the mouth to the stomach
Stomach
a strong muscle. the stomach wall secretes hydrochloric acid (acid 2.0) and digestive enzymes. they soften and break down food.
What can stop hydrochloric acid
bile
Pyloric Ceca
small finger-like pouches that absorb the nutrients that were in the food
Pancreas
produces insulin. releases digestive enzymes into the intestine. break down food.
Intestine
finish the job of absorbing energy and digestion
Liver
produces bile and excretes it to the gallbladder
Gallbladder
stores bile
Multiple functions of the bile in the liver
- emulsification
- neutralizes hydrochloric acid
- ensure toxins are returned to the intestine for excretion
Emulsification
breaking down lipids so they can fit through the cell and be absorbed and used as nutrients
Swim Bladder
fish fill the bladder w/ oxygen. when its inflated the fish float the the surface and when its deflated they sink
Urinary Bladder
pink thing near the swim bladder that stores urine untill it is excreted
Kidney
brown thing next to the swim bladder that helps to control the amount of water in their bodies. used to remove urea and waste from the blood.
Heart (purpose)
closed circulatory system. pumps blood around the body.
Pattern of blood
heart->gills->rest of the body
Parts of the heart
- sinus venosus
- atrium
- ventricle
- bulbous arteriosis
Sinus venous
oxygen-poor blood from the veins collects in the sinus venosus
Atrium
large muscular chamber, a one-way compartment for blood about to go to the vesicle
Ventricle(of the heart)
much bigger, and stronger because it has to push all over the fish’s body
Bulbus Arteriosis
maintains a steady flow of blood to the gills
Where is blood pumped after the bulbous arteriosis?
the vertical aorta which is connected to the BA.
Fish Respiration
fish exchange gasses using gills located on either side of the pharynx. they pull oxygen-rich water over their gill filaments and push oxygen-poor water out through the opening in the sides of the pharynx.
Countercurrent exchange
how to fish exchange oxygen in their blood
Lamella
used to increase the surface area in contact with the environment to maximize gas exchange
Operculum
hard bony flap composed of four fused bones that protect the gill opening
Excretion
consequence of protein breakdown
Role of ammonia in excretion
when proteins are broken down the amino group removed must be dealt with. the amnio group is changed to ammonia (toxic, soluble in water)
IF the organism has a sufficient source of water…. (something to do with ammonia)
the organism will dilute ammonia and then excrete it from the body. the liver will then convert the ammonia into urea which is less toxic and uses less water to excrete.
The effect of salt on saltwater fish
they tend to lose water because of osmosis. to get rid of excess salt, they pump salt through cells in their gills and their kidneys. this is reversed in freshwater fish
Lateral Line
a sense organ that consists of a row of scales that most fish have extending from their head to tail, senses movement in the water
Nervous system
the brain is situated at the anterior end of the spinal cord and has several different parts
5 parts of the brain we learned
- olfactory nerve
- cerebrum
- optic lobe
- cerebellum
- medulla oblongata
Olfactory Nerve
helps to smell. at the front are the smaller (olfaction) detectors a.k.a. the olfactory nerves
Cerebrum
voluntary activities of the body. used in most vertebrates.
Optic Lobe
fish can distinguish colors (for mating)
Cerebellum
coordinates body movements
Medulla Oblongata
controls automatic functions (heart breathing, digestion, blood vessels) transfers messages (brain and spinal cord)
Bile
prevents ulceration of the intestine
Lungfish
when the rivers dry up they bury themselves in the mud and make a mucus egg like thing around themselves and they leave one hole for breathing. they can stay in it for up to 4 years
LAteral Line
helps fish detect movement and vibration in the surrounding water including predators and prey
Reproduction
the eggs of fish are always fertilized wether externally or internally
Oviparous
eggs that hatch after they have been laid by the parent . the embryos obtain food by the yolk in the egg
Ovovivipaurous
the eggs stay in the mother after fertilization. mom doesnt provide food because it is the yolk “young born “alive””.
Viviparous
the embyos stay in the mothers body after internal fertilization. they get their food 1st form the yold and then from the mothers body. sometimes they eat other embryos.
Species of fish that can live in saltwater but breed in the freshwater
anadromous fish (salmoln and sturgeon live in the ocean but lay eggs in freshwater.)
fish that fish that live in freshwater but migrate to the ocean to breed
catadromous fish
European eels
swim out to the Sargasso Sea to lay eggs. The young eels find their way to freshwater and migrate upstream to live, then back to saltwater to breed.
3 types of fish
jawless, cartilaginous, and bony
Bony
bony fish make up the class osteichthyes. almost all living bony fish are ray-finned.
Cartilaginous
the skeletons of these fish are made out of cartilage (sharks, rays, skates, lumpfish, sawfish, etc…)
Rays
are kite-shaped with whip-like tails that are longer than their bodies and have stinging spines (viviparous)
Skates
shorter tail, are rounder, and have fleshier tails with a small fin (oviparous)
