Animal Classification

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

The ordering and naming of organisms which was created by Carl Linnaeus.

Question 2

2 key features in his system that are still used today

Answer 2

two-part names for organisms, heirchrachical classification

Question 3

Two part scientific name of an organism is called

Answer 3

the binomial nomenclature

Question 4

2 parts of the binomial nomenclature

Answer 4

the first part of the name is the genus and the second part is the specific epithet (species)

Question 5

Genus

Answer 5

group of closely related species (ex. urus=bear-all kinds)

Question 6

Specific Epithet

Answer 6

identifies the species within that gens (ex. urus americanis=black bears)

Question 7

The taxonomic groups from broad to narrow introduced by Linnaeus

Answer 7

Domain, Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 8

6 kingdom system of classification introduced in 1990s

Answer 8

Animili and Plante were first, then fungi, protisia, eubacteria, & archaebacteria

Question 9

3 Domaines

Answer 9

bacteria-> archaebacteria, archae-> eubacteria, eukarya-> all the rest

Question 10

Classification leading to humans

Answer 10

animila-> chordate-> vertebrates (amphibians, birds, mammals, fish, reptiles) and invertebrates (sponges, sea anemones, bugs)

Question 11

What are the 4 things needed to be a member of the chordate phylum?

Answer 11

1. Notochord 2. Doral hollow nerve cord 3. Pharyngeal slits of clefs 4. Muscular post-anal tail

Question 12

Notochord

Answer 12

a flexible, cartilaginous rod in the back of the animal’s back. between the digestive tube and the nerve cord. provides skeletal support and is a flexible structure that muscles can work. In humans, it is reduced to disks between vertebraes

Question 13

2 parts to a disk

Answer 13

1. outer annulus fibrosis(resist compression) 2. nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc (provide shock absorption during movement)

Question 14

a Dorsal hollow nerve cord

Answer 14

in vertebrates, the nerve cord is called the spinal cord and it grows a brain on the end while it is an embryo

Question 15

what percent of all chordate species are vertebrates

Answer 15

96%

Question 16

Pharyngeal pouches

Answer 16

behind the mouth is the pharynx, in chordate embryos a series of pouches are separated by grooves that form along the sides of the pharynx

Question 17

Pharyngeal slits

Answer 17

in some chordates, the grooves develop into slits that open to the outside of the body (modified for gas exchange)

Question 18

Muscular, post-anal tail

Answer 18

at some point in their lives, all chordates have a tail

Question 19

types of invertebrates

Answer 19

tunicates, lancelets

Question 20

Tunicates

Answer 20

adult tunicates are stationary and look like small sacks, they attach to boats and rocks and are common on coral reefs.

Question 21

Tunicate Larva v.s. adults

Answer 21

a swimming tadpole-like organism that has all four things and mature extremely quickly but the adults are firm and don’t move and they only have pharyngeal slits

Question 22

The sole job of tunicate larva

Answer 22

to find a suitable place to live out there lives as adults

Question 23

Tunicate life cycle

Answer 23

They reabsorb all the structures within their tail and use them to build new structures for their adult life

Question 24

how tunicates get food

Answer 24

Seawater enters through the top and passes through the pharyngeal slits and exits back into the ocean through the siphon. they have a heart that pumps blood and food particles are trapped in the net of mucus that then go to the intestine (plankton feeders)

Question 25

Lancelets

Answer 25

Small fish-like creatures that live on Sandy Ocean Floors

Question 26

How lancelets get food

Answer 26

When feeding a lancelet wriggles backward into the sand with its head sticking out. water enters the mouth and passes through the pharynx. a sticky mucus catches food particles. then swallow to the digestive tract.

Question 27

Lancets do not have

Answer 27

a true heart (the walls of major blood vessels contract to push blood through the body

Question 28

The first vertebrates to evolve

Answer 28

ostracoderm (appeared during the Cambrian [a.k.a Cambrian explosion] period and went extinct at the end of the Devonian period)

Question 29

ostracoderm

Answer 29

jawless invertebrates

Question 30

Next major changes

Answer 30

During the Solarian period, fish developed scales and sharp spiny fins

Question 31

jaws developed when

Answer 31

in the Ordovician period and is seen as the most important evolution

Question 32

osteichthyans

Answer 32

evolved near the end of the Silurian period

Question 33

Hagfish

Answer 33

the snotty fish

Question 34

Lampreys

Answer 34

the fish with the giant teeth that latch on to you and suck the nutrients out

Question 35

Devonian Period

Answer 35

the age of fish when fish evolved pairs of posterior fins (pectoral anterior fins)

Question 36

Girdles

Answer 36

the bones that allowed fish to walk

Question 37

Mudskipper

Answer 37

the first walking fish that walked on their girdles. they also breather air. eat tiny plants and they live underground and they lay their eggs in an underground compartment and they have to bring them air.

Question 38

3 main groups of fish

Answer 38

1. ancestors of anything with paralagionous body (sharks and rays) 2. evolved skeleton made of true bone 3. jawless (lampreys and hagfish) not true teeth or jaws (enamel, dentin, cementum)

Question 39

5 sort of 6 modes of eating

Answer 39

herbivores (eats plants) carnivores (eats meat-sharks barracuda) parasitic (eats nutrients out of someone- lampreys) filter feeders (separate food from water- whales) detritus (eat dead/decaying animals- goldfish, hagfish) some fish will eat anything they can

Question 40

How fish eat

Answer 40

they swallow things whole and do not chew things