PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES

Question 1

are a diverse group of molecules that are involved in the adaptation of plants to their environment but are not part of the primary biochemical pathways of cell growth and reproduction.

Answer 1

plant secondary metabolites

Question 2

determines the part/parts of a plant used for preparing medicine

Answer 2

plant extract

Question 3

as the term is used pharmaceutically, involves the separation of medicinally active portions of plant or animal tissues from various parts of plants by using selective solvents in standard extraction procedures

Answer 3

extraction

Question 4

the whole or coarsely powdered crude drug is placed in a container with the solvent and allowed to stand at room temperature for a period of at least 3 days with frequent agitation until the soluble matter has dissolved

Answer 4

maceration

Question 5

In this method, the finely ground crude drug is placed in a porous bag or “thimble” made of strong filter paper, which is placed in chamber E of the Soxhlet apparatus

Answer 5

hot continuous extraction

Question 6

main groups of plant secondary metabolites

Answer 6

terpenoids
nitrogen containing secondary metabolites
phenolic compounds

Question 7

__________ is the basic unit of the terpenoids

Answer 7

isoprene c5

Question 8

widely distributed in plants
tile poisons

Answer 8

cyanogenic glycosides

Question 9

contain nitrogen and sulfur
volatile toxins
strong deterrent

Answer 9

glucosinolates

Question 10

Extremely heterogenous group
have important pharmacological properties
further classified in to many groups

Answer 10

nitrogen containing compounds

Question 11

Flavor, fragrance, scent
Antibiotics
Hormones
Membrane lipids
Insect attractants
Insect antifeedants

Answer 11

terpenoids

Question 12

found in plants of the family leguminosae
there are not incorporated in to proteins

Answer 12

non-protein amino acids

Question 13

lants produce a variety of compounds that contain one or more phenol groups

Answer 13

phenolics

Question 14

They are high molecular weight phenolic compounds
They are widely distributed in plants.
capable of precipitation of animal proteins

Answer 14

Tannins

Question 15

classification of tannins

Answer 15

true tannins and pseudotannins

Question 16

high molecular weight compounds

Answer 16

true tannins

Question 17

low molecular weight compounds

Answer 17

psudotannins

Question 18

pyrogallol

Answer 18

hydrolysable tannins

Question 19

catechol

Answer 19

condensed tannins

Question 20

uses of tannins

Answer 20

antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antidote

Question 21

secondary cell wall component occurs in all vascular plants
structural function

Answer 21

lignin

Question 22

One of the largest classes of phenolics

Answer 22

flavonoids

Question 23

Colored flavinoids - red, pink, blue, purple pigments
Attract animal pollinators and seed dispersers

Answer 23

anthocyanins

Question 24

Also flower pigments
Absorb UV not visible light - not visible to human eye but visible to many insects - maybe be attractants, nectar guides
Also present in leaves where they protect against UV-B damage
Appeared to be involved in legume roots in attracting N-fixing bacteria

Answer 24

flavones and flavonols

Question 25

Polyphenols from leaves
anti-cancer inhibiting tumor initiation and cell proliferation
anti-oxidant

Answer 25

green tea

Question 26

Contains over 50 different flavonoid phenolics including resveratrol and catechins

Answer 26

wine grape

Question 27

Over 12 compounds with anti-oxidant activities greater than vitamin E

Answer 27

ginger

Question 28

Organo-sulfur compounds from leaves
Anti-carcinogenic and anti-microbial
Anti-atherosclerosis and anti-hypertensive
Toxic in high amounts

Answer 28

garlic

Question 29

Contains phytoestrogens like isoflavones
Reduces health risks associated with menopause: osteoporosis and heart disease in women
Reduces prostrate, colon and breast cancer

Answer 29

soybeans