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AG > Plant Science > Flashcards

Plant Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is IPM

A

Integrated pest management

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2
Q

Describe Key Pest

A

One occurs one a regular basis for a given crop

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3
Q

Describe cultural control

A

Attempt to alter the crop environment to prevent or reduce pest damage

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4
Q

Describe biological control

A

Control by natural agents

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5
Q

Describe chemical control

A

The use of pesticides to reduce pest populations

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6
Q

What do herbicides control

A

Unwanted vegetation

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7
Q

What do insecticides control

A

Unwanted insects

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8
Q

What do fungicides control

A

Plant diseases caused by fungi

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9
Q

Define general use

A

The pesticide poses minimal risk when applied

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10
Q

Define restricted use

A

The pesticide poses a greater risk to humans and the environment. (A person must be trained and certified to use)

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11
Q

Define trade name

A

Manufacturer’s name for a pesticide product

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12
Q

Define common name

A

The generic name for pesticides

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13
Q

Define the directions for use

A

The correct amount, timing, and mixing needed for a pesticide

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14
Q

What identifies the manufacturer on pesticide labels

A

The EPA registration number

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15
Q

When dealing with chemicals, what should you wear

A

Gloves, boots, hat, coveralls, aprons, goggles, a face shield, and a respirator

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16
Q

What should pesticide storage contain

A

A heat and water source, a secure locking system, a sufficient storage area, and the storage space should be well ventilated and fireproof

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17
Q

Three main factors affecting groundwater contamination by agrochemicals
are:

A

Soil type and other geological characteristics
The pesticide’s persistence and mobility within the soil
The production and application methods of pesticide users

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18
Q

Define taproot

A

The main root of the plant and
generally grows straight down from the
stem

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19
Q

Define fibrous

A

The generally thin, somewhat hairlike
and numerous roots

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20
Q

Define bulb stems

A

Short stems that are surrounded by modified leaves called scales (for example easter lilies or onions)

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21
Q

Define corms stems

A

Thickened, compact, fleshy stems

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22
Q

Define tubers stems

A

Thickened underground stems that store carbohydrates (for example potatoes)

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23
Q

Define stamen

A

The male part of the flower

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24
Q

Define filament

A

Supports the anther

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25
Q

Define anther

A

Manufactures the pollen

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26
Q

Define pollen

A

The male sexual reproductive cell

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27
Q

Define pistil

A

The female part of the flower

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28
Q

Define stigma

A

Receives the pollen

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29
Q

Define style

A

Pollen travels down to ovary

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30
Q

Define ovary

A

Contains eggs, female reproductive
cells

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31
Q

Define perfect flower

A

A flower that contains all parts

32
Q

Define imperfect flower

A

One or more parts are missing on the flower

33
Q

Define pollination

A

The union of the pollen with the stigma

34
Q

Define genus

A

Taxonomic category between family and species

35
Q

Define species

A

Subgroup under genus

36
Q

Define variety

A

A subgroup of plants developed by people, as opposed to species that originate in the wild

37
Q

Define photosynthesis

A

Light energy is converted to a simple sugar, occurs daytime

38
Q

Define chlorophyll

A

The green material inside the leaves and stems of the plant

39
Q

Define respiration

A

A process by which living cells take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide, occurs day and night

40
Q

Define transpiration

A

The process by which plant gives up water vapor to atmosphere

41
Q

What percent of transpiration goes through roots

A

90%

42
Q

What influences transpiration

A

Humidity, temp, wind and other air movements

43
Q

Define turgor

A

Swollen or stiffened condition as a result of the plant cells being filled with liquid

44
Q

Define osmosis

A

Process by which water moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane that is separating two solutions

45
Q

WHat are the 16 plant nutrients

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur, Boron, Copper, Chlorine, Iron, Molybdenum, and zinc

46
Q

Which plant nutrients are macronutrients

A

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, and Sulfur

47
Q

Which plant nutrients are micronutrients

A

Boron, Copper, Chlorine, Iron, Molybdenum and Zinc

48
Q

Which plant nutrient is both a macro and micronutrient

A

Magnesium

49
Q

What are chlorosis symptoms

A

When a plant is lacking oxygen, has reduced growth and yellowing of leaves

50
Q

Define sexual propagation

A

The union of an egg (ovule) and sperm (pollen) resulting in a seed

51
Q

Define germination

A

Seed sprouts and begins to grow

52
Q

Define Imbibition (the first step of germination)

A

The absorption of water

53
Q

Define asexual propagation

A

Uses a part or parts of only one parent plant ( a clone plant)

54
Q

What are the different types of cutting

A

Stem cutting, leaf type cutting, root cutting, layering, grafting and tissue culture

55
Q

What is the first step to air layering

A

The stem is girdled with two cuts about 1 inch apart, the bark is removed.

56
Q

What is the second step of air layering

A

Dust wound with hormone powder and surround with damp sphagnum moss

57
Q

What is the third step of air layering

A

Plastic is wrapped around the moss-packed wound and tied at both ends

58
Q

What is the result of air layering

A

In a few weeks, roots will appear throughout the moss, the stem is cut just below the newly formed root ball and the ball is planted

59
Q

Define division

A

If the plant has rooted crowns, these crowns are separated by cutting or pulling them apart, new clumps are planted separately

60
Q

Define grafting

A

Procedure for joint two plant parts together so they grow as one

61
Q

Define bud grafting

A

The union of a small piece of bark with a bud and a rootstock

62
Q

Define T Budding

A

A T-shaped cut is made on the rootstock, a small shield shaped piece of the scion and pushed under the loosened bark of the stock plant. Then wrapped with a budding rubber (rubber band)

63
Q

Define tissue culture

A

Many plantlets made from one leaf, must be done in a very clean atmosphere and lab made

64
Q

Define olericulture

A

The study of vegetable production

65
Q

Define plowing

A

Using a plow to mix up/loosen the soil

66
Q

What does maintaining organic matter accomplish

A

Increases the water-holding and absorption
capacity of the soil

67
Q

Animal manure is best for organic matter, but low in what

A

Phosphorus

68
Q

Define fertilizing

A

Adding in fertilizers after a soil test to make the soil the most nutrient for the crops

69
Q

Define cultivating

A

Intertillage of crop, helps with weed control, conservation of moisture and increased aeration

70
Q

Define weed control

A

Making sure weeds are controlled, use herbicides on larger areas

71
Q

What does irrigation include

A

Sprinklers, drip irrigation and subirrigation

72
Q

What does mulching help

A

Control weeds, regulates soil temps, and conserves soil moisture

73
Q

Define hydroponics

A

The ability to produce vegetables on
a commercial scale without soil

74
Q

What is the most common produce use in hydroponics

A

Tomatoes

75
Q

What are plants rooted in (with hydroponics) where water and nutrients flow

A

A filler material

AG (6 decks)

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