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AG > Environmental Principles > Flashcards

Environmental Principles Flashcards

1
Q

What us a colorless, odorless and tasteless mixture of gases?

A

Air

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2
Q

Air must contain approximately how much oxygen and nitrogen?

A

21% Oxygen and 78% Nitrogen

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3
Q

Define Habit

A

The area or type of environment in which an organism or biological population normally lives

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4
Q

Define Pesticide

A

Material used to control pests

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5
Q

Define Herbicides

A

Material used to control plants

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6
Q

Many pesticides are chemicals mixed with what?

A

Water

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7
Q

Why do they mix in water with pesticide chemicals?

A

So they can be sprayed on plants, animals, soil, or water to kill or otherwise control diseases, insects, weeds, rodents, and other pests

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8
Q

Define the Greenhouse Effect

A

The heat buildup from the rays through the clear object and the resulting heat being trapped inside

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9
Q

What is step one in the Greenhouse Effect process?

A

Sunlight travels through the atmosphere and warms the Earth’s surface

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10
Q

What is step two in the Greenhouse Effect process?

A

The surface radiates heat (infrared radiation) back into the atmosphere, where some of ot escapes into space

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11
Q

What is step three in the Greenhouse Effect process?

A

Some rays are absorbed by water vapor and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

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12
Q

What is step four in the Greenhouse Effect process?

A

As greenhouse gases from factory emissions and other sources build in the atmosphere, more heat is trapped and reflected to Earth. The oceans warm, producing more water vapor, which traps still more heat

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13
Q

What is step five in the Greenhouse Effect process?

A

The temperature of the planet rises to achieve a new balance

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14
Q

What does EPA stand for?

A

Environmental Protection Agency

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15
Q

What are the EPA offices?

A

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Alternative Fuels Data Center, and the Commission for Environmental Cooperation

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16
Q

Define Universal Solvent

A

A substance that dissolves or otherwise changes most other materials

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17
Q

What is the universal solvent?

A

Water

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18
Q

Define Water Cycle

A

The cycling of water among the water sources, atmosphere and surface area

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19
Q

What energy drives the water cycle?

A

Solar energy and the force of gravity

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20
Q

Define Deserts

A

Areas with continuous, severe water shortage

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21
Q

How have some desert areas in the southwest become productive?

A

Modern irrigation practices

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22
Q

Define Irrigantion

A

The addition of water to the land to supplement the water provided for crop production by rain or snow

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23
Q

Define Gravitational (ground)water

A

Water drains out of the soil after being wet

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24
Q

Define Capillary (ground) water

A

Water can be used by the plant through the roots

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25
Q

Define Hygroscopic (ground) water

A

Holds water too tight and the plant cant use it

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26
Q

What does “No- Till” mean?

A

Planting crops without plowing or disking the soil

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27
Q

Define Contour

A

Following the level of the land around a hill

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28
Q

Define Terrace

A

A soil or wall structure built across the slope

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29
Q

Define Cover Crop

A

A close-growing crop planted to temporarily protect the soil surface

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30
Q

What does the construction of terraces on sloping land do?

A

Distributes water precipitation along the terrace and helps prevent soil erosion

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31
Q

Both wind and water are capable of doing what to soil?

A

Eroding it

32
Q

How many tons of soil are worn away every year?

A

1.6 Billion

33
Q

How many acres is soil worn away from each year?

A

417 Million

34
Q

What does one ton of soil equal?

A

2,000 Pounds

35
Q

How many national acres are highly erodible?

A

41 Million (50 or more tons per acre per year)

36
Q

What does Conservation Tillage mean?

A

Means using techniques of soil preparation, planting, and cultivation that disturb the soil the least, leaving the maximum amount of plant residue on the surface

37
Q

Define Crop Rotation

A

Planting of different crops in a given field every year or every several years

38
Q

What is the material that reduces the acid content of soil?

A

Lime

39
Q

Name the layers of soil (top to bottom)

A

O-Horizon, A-Horizon, B-Horizon, C-Horizon, R-Horizon

40
Q

What does the O-Horizon contain?

A

Humus or Organic

41
Q

What does the A-Horizon contain?

A

Topsoil

42
Q

What does the B-Horizon contain?

A

Subsoil

43
Q

What does the C-Horizon contain?

A

Parent Material

44
Q

What does the R-Horizon contain?

A

Bedrock

45
Q

Explain Class 1 Capability Class

A

Soils have few limitations that restrict their use

46
Q

Explain Class 2 Capability Class

A

Soils have moderate limitations that reduce the choice of plants or require moderate conservation practices

47
Q

Explain Class 3 Capability Class

A

Soils have severe limitations that reduce the choice of plants, require special conservation practices, or both

48
Q

Explain Class 4 Capability Class

A

Soils have severe limitations that reduce the choice of plants, require careful management, or both

49
Q

Explain Class 5 Capability Class

A

Soils are not likely to erode but have other limitations that are impractical to remove and limit their use

50
Q

Explain Class 6 Capability Class

A

Soils have severe limitations that make them generally unsuitable for cultivation

51
Q

Explain Class 8 Capability Class

A

Soils have severe limitations that make them unsuitable for cultivations

52
Q

Explain Class 9 Capability Class

A

Soils and geologic features have limitations that nearly always prevent their use for agricultural
production except light grazing

53
Q

What are the three main types of soil texture?

A

Sandy, clay or loam

54
Q

Define Gypsum

A

A soil amendment that is often used to reduce the alkalinity of agriculture soil

55
Q

What happens to a plant with a phosphorus deficiency?

A

Shortage marks leaves with reddish purple

56
Q

What happens to a plant with a potassium deficiency?

A

A firing or drying along the tips and edges of lowest leaves

57
Q

What happens to a plant with a nitrogen deficiency?

A

Yellowing that starts at tip and moves along the middle of leaf

58
Q

What happens to a plant with a magnesium deficiency?

A

Whitish stripes along the veins and often a purplish color on the underside of the lower leaves

59
Q

What happens to a plant with drought?

A

Grayish green color, leaves may roll up

60
Q

What happens to a plant with disease?

A

Starts in small spots, gradually spreads across leaf

61
Q

What happens to a plant with chemicals?

A

Sometimes burn tips, edges of leaves and at other contacts. Tissue dies and leaf becomes
whitecap

62
Q

What does NPK stand for?

A

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium

63
Q

Define Hydroponics

A

Growing plants without soil

64
Q

Define Aggregate culture

A

Material such as sand, gravel or marbles supports the plant roots

65
Q

Define Water culture

A

Plant roots are immersed in nutrient filled water

66
Q

Define Aeroponics

A

Plant roots hang in the air and
misted regularly with nutrient solution

67
Q

How many acres are there of timberland?

A

483 Million

68
Q

How many acres are there of other forest land?

A

248 Million

69
Q

How many total acres of total forestry land?

A

731 Million

70
Q

What is the unit of measurement for lumber that is equal to 1x12x12 inches?

A

A board foot

71
Q

What is the formula for calculating board feet?

A

Number of pieces x thickness in inches x width in inches x length in ft /12

72
Q

Define Mutualism

A

Two types of animals that live together for mutual benefit

73
Q

Define Commensalism

A

Refers to a plant or animal that lives in, on, or with another, sharing its food, but not helping or harming. One species is helped, but the other is neither helped
nor harmed

74
Q

What are all the classifications of wildlife?

A

Farm, forest, wetlands, streams, lakes and ponds

75
Q

What is the most productive and important wildlife management areas?

A

Wetlands

AG (6 decks)

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