Plant Reproduction Flashcards
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction is the formation of offspring from only one parent.
What are runners?
Stems that grow from the base of the plant and eventually grow a new shoot and new plant
Eg: Strawberries
What is sexual reproduction?
Involves two gametes joining together
What is the function of a sepal?
The sepals protect the flower when it is a bud
What do petals do?
Petals protect the internal parts of the flower. In many plants, the petals are brightly coloured in order to attract insects to the flower.
What is the carpel?
The carpel is the female part of the flower.
Each carpel produces an egg cell.
The nucleus of the egg is the female gamete.
Some flowers have more than one carpel.
What is the stamen?
The stamen is the male part of the flower.
The stamen produces pollen grains.
The nucleus in the pollen grain is the male gamete.
Most flowers have a large number of stamens.
Name the parts of the carpel?
Stigma, ovary, style
What is the stigma?
The stigma is the place where pollen grains will land.
What is the style?
The style connects the stigma to the ovary. In some plants the style is very short.
What is the ovary?
The ovary contains one or more ovules. Each ovule produces an egg. The nucleus
of the egg is the female gamete.
Name the parts of the stamen
Pollen, anther, filament
What is the filament?
The filament is a stalk that supports the anther. It ensures that the anthers are located high up in the flower, so that the pollen can leave the flower more easily.
What is the anther?
The anther makes pollen grains. The nucleus in each pollen is the male gamete.
What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen from a stamen to a carpel.
Name the types of pollination?
Wind, insect, self
Describe the process of fertilisation
Pollen are carried by wind or by an insect to the top of the carpel. The pollen then forms a tube which grows down through the carpel. The pollen nucleus, which is the male gamete, passes down the pollen tube. It joins to the nucleus of the egg, which is the female gamete. Fertilisation takes place in the base of the carpel. Fertilisation results in the formation of a single cell called a zygote. The zygote will grow to form a seed. A seed consists of a young plant surrounded by a food supply. The seed or seeds become surrounded by another food supply which is called the fruit.
Fertilisation
Name the parts of the seed
Testa, plumule, radicle, food supply
What are the necessary conditions for germination?
Oxygen
Water
Suitable temperature
What are the main events in germination?
Food from the seed allows the root and shoot to grow.
The root grows down into the soil.
The shoot grows up into the air.
Once the shoot emerges above the ground it forms green leaves and begins to make food for itself.
