Chemical Bonding Flashcards
Define ionic bonding.
The loss and gain of electrons.
What is the term for an atom that has lost or gained electrons?
Ion.
Define covalent bonding.
The sharing of electrons.
What is an element?
Elements are substances made up of only one atom.
Where are elements listed?
Elements are listed in the periodic table.
What order are elements put in on the periodic table?
Elements are put in the order of their atomic number.
Vertical columns of elements are known as…?
Groups.
In an atom, where are the protons and neutrons?
The protons and neutrons are in the nucleus.
In an atom, where are the electrons?
The electrons are on the outer shells.
What is the relative mass of an electron?
1/1840 unit.
What is the relative mass of proton/neutron?
1 unit.
What are the charges?
Proton= +1 Neutron= 0 Electron= -1
Explain covalent bonding.
Covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons. For example two hydrogen atoms want to gain one more electron each to gain a full shell, so they share their electrons.
Explain ionic bonding.
Ionic bonding is the loss and gain of electrons in order to have a full outer shell. For example, Sodium has one electron on its outer shell, so it needs to lose one electron to have a full outer shell. Chlorine has 7 electrons on its outer shell and needs one more to have a full shell. Sodium gives away an electron to Chlorine. Now they are attracted and bond.
What is the term for a bond of 2 or more elements?
Compound.
