Plant Reproduction Flashcards
What plants use asexual reproduction?
Runners eg strawberry, side shoots, bulbs or tubers
What is asexual reproduction?
Formation of new individuals from cells of a single parent using mitosis.
Genetically identical - clones
What are the natural methods of asexual reproduction?
Microbes: binary fission, budding, spores and fragmentation
Plants:veg propagation and parthenogenesis
Amimals: budding, fragmentation and parthenogenesis.
What are the artificial methods of asexual reproduction?
Microbes: cell culture, fermenters
Plants: cutting, grafting, tissue culture
Animals: embryo splitting and somatic cell cloning
What is plant propagation?
Commercially important plants are propagated asexually to keep particular desirable traits eg flower colour, flavour, resistance to disease.
What is grafting?
Used to propagate a desired variety of shrub or tree, eg apple. Scion attached to notch in stump of stock tree. Fruit is identical to scion.
What is budding?
Animals and microbes. Offspring develop as a growth on the body of the parent eg jellyfish and parasitic animals eg tape worm.
What is fragmentation?
Happens in animals and microbes. Example worm: spontaneously break into 8 pieces and each fragment develops into a mature worm.
What are the advantages of asexual and sexual reproduction?
Asexual: A more efficient way to reproduce. As they are clones they cannot vary, reducing fitness and ability to adapt to change.
Sexual : variation can allow quick adaption to change. Reduce mutations
