Plant Oils Flashcards
What fruits can oil be extracted from to be used in food or for fuel?
Avacados or olives.
How is oil extracted from plants?
- The plant is crushed
- Press the crushed plant and sqaush the oil out
- The oil can be seperated from the crushed plant using a solvent to get the oil.
- Distillation removes water, solvent or impurities.
What does vegetable oils have a high content of?
Energy.
Oils from seed also contain vitamin E.
They also contain essential fatty acids, which the body needs for metabolic purposes.
What are the benefits of cooking using vegetable oils?
- higher boiling point ⇒ food cooks at higher temp at a faster speed.
- Gives food a different flavour. Oil carries the flavour giving it a more intense taste.
- Using oil for food increases the energy we get from eating it.
How can vegetable oils be used to produce fuels?
- they can be processed and turned into fuels
- provide a lot of energy
- A useful fuel made from vegetable oil is called biodiesel.
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What do unsaturated oils contain?
What are the features?
- long chain molecules with carbon atoms
- double bonds between some of the carbon atoms
- will decolourise bromine water
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What are oils and fats?
Either saturated or unsaturated.
What are unsaturated fats at room temperature?
Liquid.
How can unsaturated fats be hardened?
By reacting them with hydrogen in a nickel catalyst at 60oc in a process called hydrogenation.
- Hydrogenated oils have a higher melting point than unsaturated oils ⇒ more solid at room temperature.
- Useful as spreads and baking and pastries
What do vegetable oils tend to be?
What do animal oils tend to be?
Unsaturated
Saturated
Why are saturated fats less healthy than unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats increase the amount of cholesteral in the body, which can block arteries and increase the risk of heart disease.
Natural unsaturated fats (olive oil) reduce the amount of cholesterol in th eblood.
Cooking food in oil, unsaturated or partially hydrogenated, makes it more fattening.
