Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Plant nutrition and transport in plants > Flashcards

Plant nutrition and transport in plants Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define photosynthesis

A

process which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are plants autotrophs

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define autotrophs

A

organisms that are able to make their own food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Purpose of chlorophyll (2)

A

transfers light energy into chemical energy in molecules

used for synthesis (production) of carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Word equation of photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Balanced chemical equation of photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name layers of the structure of a leaf in order (7)

A

waxy cuticle

upper epidermis

palisade mesophyll

Spongy mesophyll

Lower epidermis

Guard cells

waxy cuticle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Features of palisade mesophyll cells (4)

A

where most photosynthesis occurs

contains many chloroplasts

columnar shape allows many cells to be tightly packed to maximise absorption

found close to upper surface of leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stomata and guard cells function (3)

A

play role in gas exchange

gases enter and exit through stomata

guard cells open or close in response to environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of xylem

A

transports water and minerals from root to leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of phloem

A

transports sugars (sucrose) and amino acids from leaves to other parts of plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

By which process is glucose produced

A

photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is glucose used for (5)

A

energy

growth of shoots

growth of young leaves

growth of fruit

root growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Purpose of sucrose (2)

A

converted from glucose

less reactive than glucose so not lost if transported

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is sucrose transported

A

phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Purpose of starch

A

storage of glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of nitrate ions

A

synthesis (production) of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of magnesium ions

A

chlorophyll production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Deficiency of magnesium and nitrate ions (2)

A

stunted growth

yellow leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What chemical is used to test for starch

A

iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Experiment layout for testing starch availability in plants (7)

A

remove leaf from plant

place in beaker of boiling water for 30 seconds to break open cells

place in boiling tube of ethanol inside the beaker of boiling water - removes chlorophyll from leaves

remove leaf after 1 minute using forceps

rinse leaf with cold water

spread leaf on white tile and drip iodine on it

positive result is blue/black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define variegated leaves

A

leaves which have green and white parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Answering 7 mark experiment question (8)

A

independent variable

dependent variables

control variable (2)

safety precautions

how you will set up the experiment

how and how often you record data

how you will analyse results

what results show

24
Q

Determinants for the rate of photosynthesis (3)

A

light intensity

CO2 amount

temperature

25
Q

Define limiting factor

A

factor at lowest level which limits rate of reaction

26
Q

Purpose of water in plants (2)

A

needed for photosynthesis

maintain turgor pressure and keep structure

27
Q

How is water absorbed into roots (3)

A

osmosis

high concentration of minerals in root cells

water drawn into cells from high water potential (soil) to low water potential (cells)

28
Q

Adaptation of root cells

A

root hair cells increase surface area for osmosis

29
Q

Transport of water in plant (3)

A

once inside root cells water passes through xylem vessels up stem into leaves

if leaf photosynthesizing, water lost through open stomata

process called transpiration

30
Q

Define transpiration (3)

A

loss of water from a plant by evaporation at surface of mesophyll cells

also diffuses out as water vapour through stomata

draws more water and minerals through xylem and up roots

31
Q

Define transpiration stream

A

flow of water through plant taking water up roots

32
Q

Pathway of water through roots, stem and leaf (4)

A

root hair cells

root cortex cells

xylem

mesophyll cells

33
Q

Purpose of lignin in xylem vessels

A

supports structure

34
Q

How does water move upwards in the xylem (7)

A

transpiration pull made by water potential gradient between roots and leaves

water evaporates at surface of mesophyll cells

water vapour diffuses through stomata

creates water potential gradient

causes lower water potential compared to higher water potential in roots

water absorbed by root hair cells

water moves up xylem as unbroken column of water molecules - held together by cohesion

35
Q

4 main factors which affect rate of transpiration (4)

A

Light intensity

Temperature

wind speed

humidity

36
Q

How does light intensity impact rate of transpiration (3)

A

greater light intensity –> more stomata open for photosynthesis

more stomata –> more transpiration

all stomata open –> further increase in light intensity won’t affect rate of transpiration

37
Q

How does temperature affect rate of transpiration (2)

A

greater temperature –> faster the particles in the air move

faster particles –> more water particles evaporate from leaf –> increases transpiration

38
Q

How does wind speed affect rate of transpiration (3)

A

increase in wind speed –> moves water particles surrounding leaf away

increases water potential gradient between inside and outside of leaf

increases rate of transpiration

39
Q

How does humidity affect rate of transpiration (3)

A

more humid –> more water in air

reduces water potential gradient between inside and outside of leaf

transpiration slows down

40
Q

Experiment for investigating rate of transpiration (4)

A

bubble potometer to estimate rate of transpiration

as transpiration occurs xylem sucks up more
water

bubble will move along capillary tube

measure distance moved by air bubble every minute to calculate rate of transpiration

41
Q

Define translocation

A

movement of sugars (sucrose) and amino acids in phloem of plant

42
Q

Define source

A

where sugar is produced or supplied to plant

43
Q

Define sink

A

where substance is used or converted to another substance

44
Q

What is the source and sink in summer (2)

A

leaves are source

roots are sink

45
Q

What is the source and sink in winter (2)

A

roots are source

leaves are sink

46
Q

Where is xylem and phloem in root cross-section (2)

A

xylem is large hollow X centre

phloem on outer

47
Q

Where is xylem and phloem on stem cross-section (2)

A

xylem on inside

phloem on outside

48
Q

Where is xylem and phloem on leaf cross-section (2)

A

xylem above

phloem underneath

49
Q

When and Why is active transport used to take in ions (3)

A

active transport is movement of particles from area of low concentration to area of high concentration against concentration gradient using energy

mineral ions in higher contents in plant than soil

root hair cells use active transport to get nutrients

50
Q

How does cohesion work in a plant (4)

A

water molecules are cohesive

tension created at top of xylem tube when water moves out of xylem cells

tension pulls water molecules up xylem into leaf

which pulls molecules out root cortical cells into root xylem tubes

51
Q

State the type of cell through which water enters a plant

A

root hair cell

52
Q

State the type of energy required for photosynthesis

A

light energy

53
Q

Adaptation of xylem (4)

A

hollow - to reduce resistance/allow efficient
flow

large cross-sectional area/wide - to allow transport of large volume of water

lignin to provide support

waterproof to prevent water loss

54
Q

Explain how mineral ions enter a plant (2)

A

enter into root hair cell by active transport

moves against concentration gradient using energy

55
Q

Which chemical is a product of photosynthesis that moves out of a green leaf through its stomata?

A

oxygen

56
Q

In a leaf, water moves from the surface of a mesophyll cell and then out of the leaf into the atmosphere

What is the correct order of the processes involved?

A

evaporation –> diffusion

57
Q

The list shows features of a plant leaf:

1 air spaces between spongy mesophyll cells
2 chloroplasts in mesophyll cells
3 contains a natural insecticide
4 xylem vessels close to mesophyll cells

Which features are adaptations for photosynthesis?

A

1,2 and 4

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions