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Biology > B7.2 Heart > Flashcards

B7.2 Heart Flashcards

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1
Q

Define the circulatory system

A

system of blood vessels

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2
Q

Purpose of valves

A

ensure that blood circulates in one direction

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3
Q

What is the heart

A

muscular organ

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4
Q

Define arteries (2)

A

large blood vessels

carry blood away from heart

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5
Q

Define capillaries (3)

A

tiny blood vessels

from network throughout ever tissue

connect arteries to veins

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6
Q

Define veins (2)

A

large blood vessels

carry blood towards heart

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7
Q

What happens when arteries get farther from the heart (2)

A

become narrower

divide more

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8
Q

Define arterioles (2)

A

narrow vessels

connect arteries to capillaries

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9
Q

Why is mammalian circulatory system called double circulation

A

blood passes through heart twice

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10
Q

Why does blood leaving the right side of the heart have low pressure (2)

A

blood does not travel far to lungs

lower pressure stops damage to capillaries in lung

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11
Q

Why does blood leaving the left side of the heart have high pressure

A

has to travel throughout body and back to heart

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12
Q

Define the septum (2)

A

layer of tissue

separates right and left side of heart

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13
Q

Name the 4 chambers of the heart

A

right atrium

right ventricle

left atrium

left ventricle

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14
Q

Name of blood vessels which provide blood to heart (2)

A

coronary arteries

coronary veins

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15
Q

How does deoxygenated blood flow into the heart (6)

A

blood arrives at heart from vena cava

enters right atrium

contraction of right atrium moves blood to right ventricle passing one-way valve

contraction of right ventricle moves blood to pulmonary artery and to lungs

valve at entrance of pulmonary artery closes to stop backflow into right ventricle

valve between ventricle and atrium closes to stop backflow into atrium

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16
Q

How does oxygenated blood flow out of the heart (5)

A

enters left atrium from lungs through pulmonary vein

left atrium contracts and passes blood to left ventricle through valve

left ventricle contracts and moves blood out through aorta to body

valve at entrance of aorta closes to stop backflow into left ventricle

valve between atrium and ventricle closes to stop backflow of blood into atrium

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17
Q

Define heart rate (2)

A

measure of how frequently the heart beats

measured in beats per minute

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18
Q

Why may heart rate vary (4)

A

age - children usually have faster beat than adults

fitness - more muscle in heart hence pumps more blood

illness

drugs

19
Q

True or false? The harder you exercise the faster your heart beats

A

True

20
Q

How is a heart attack caused

A

a full blockage of cholesterol

21
Q

What factors increase risk of blockage in coronary arteries (2)

A

high level of saturated fats in diet

smoking may damage artery lining

22
Q

Name of blood vessels associated with lungs (2)

A

pulmonary vein

pulmonary artery

23
Q

Name of blood vessels associated with kidneys (2)

A

renal vein

renal artery

24
Q

Define the vena cava

A

vein that carries blood to heart

25
Q

Define he aorta

A

artery that receives blood from heart

26
Q

Characteristics of arteries (3)

A

thick/elastic muscular walls

narrow central space (lumen)

high pressure

27
Q

Characteristics of capillaries (2)

A

thin walls - one cell thick

low pressure

28
Q

Characteristics of veins (3)

A

thin walled

large lumen

low pressure

29
Q

How does artery structure relate to its function (2)

A

thick walls don’t burst from high pressure

elastic walls maintain blood pressure

30
Q

How does capillary structure relate to its function

A

thin walls increase diffusion rate

31
Q

What substances does blood contain (4)

A

plasma

red blood cells

white blood cells

platelets

32
Q

Define plasma (3)

A

yellow coloured liquid

mainly consists of water

carries soluble nutrients, ions,
hormones, wastes (carbon dioxide), minerals throughout body

33
Q

Characteristics of red blood cells (2)

A

biconcave shape

no nucleus - allows them to carry more haemoglobin

34
Q

Define haemoglobin (2)

A

protein that transports oxygen

gives red blood cells red colour

35
Q

Define platelets (2)

A

small fragments of much larger cells

protects body from infection by causing blood to clot

36
Q

Function of white blood cells (2)

A

part of immune system

defend body against disease

37
Q

Define antibodies

A

chemicals which attack pathogens

38
Q

Define phagocytosis

A

killing pathogens by engulfing them

39
Q

Purpose of circulatory system (2)

A

deliver oxygen/nutrients (glucose) to cells for respiration

remove waste products e.g carbon dioxide

40
Q

Advantages of double circulation (2)

A

maintains concentration gradient by preventing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing

enables difference in pressure of blood exiting right and left side of heart

41
Q

What percentage does plasma make of total blood

A

55%

42
Q

What percentage do white blood cells/platelets make of total blood

A

less than 1%

43
Q

What percentage do red blood cells (erythrocytes) make of total blood

A

45%

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