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Biology > B1, B2, B3, B4 > Flashcards

B1, B2, B3, B4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define movement

A

action by organism/part of organism causing change in position/place

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2
Q

Define respiration (2)

A

chemical reactions in cells

break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

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3
Q

Define sensitivity

A

ability to detect stimuli in internal/external and respond appropriately

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4
Q

Define growth

A

permanent increase in size/dry mass by increase in cell number/cell size (both)

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5
Q

Define excretion

A

removal of waste products from organisms

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6
Q

Define nutrition (3)

A

raw materials needed

to release energy

to make more cells for growth/development/repair

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7
Q

Function of cell membrane (2)

A

holds cell together

controls substances entering/exiting cell

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8
Q

Function of cytoplasm

A

suspends organelles

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9
Q

Function of nucleus (2)

A

control cell activities/division

stores genetic material

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10
Q

Function of cell wall (2)

A

supports cell

defines cell shape

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11
Q

Function of vacuole (2)

A

storage of some materials

support cell shape

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12
Q

Function of chloroplasts

A

photosynthesis

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13
Q

Features of red blood cells (3)

A

no nucleus

biconcave shape

haemoglobin - reacts with oxygen

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14
Q

Define acrosome (2)

A

tip of sperm cells

contains enzymes - break down egg cell membrane

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15
Q

Define flagellum

A

tail of sperm cell which powers movement

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16
Q

Function of cytoplasm in egg cell (2)

A

energy storage

nutrition for fertilised cell

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17
Q

Function of root hair cells

A

absorb water/minerals

18
Q

Magnification formula

A

image size/actual size

19
Q

Define diffusion

A

net movement of particles from area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient and through a partially permeable membrane

20
Q

Define a turgid plant cell

A

plant cell full of water

21
Q

Define turgor pressure

A

pressure of water in cytoplasm against cell wall

22
Q

Define osmosis

A

movement of water particles from one area of high water potential to an area of low water potential down a water potential gradient

23
Q

Define water potential

A

ability of a cell to draw in water into itself

24
Q

Define a plasmolysed/flaccid cell (3)

A

dehydrated plant cell

cytoplasm shrinks

cell membrane pulls away from cell wall

25
Q

Define carbohydrates (2)

A

made up of simple sugars

formed from carbon, hydrogen,oxygen atoms

26
Q

Define protein (2)

A

long chains of amino acids

formed from carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, (sulfur)

27
Q

Define lipids (2)

A

made from fatty acids and glycerol

formed from carbon,hydrogen, oxygen

28
Q

Test for starch (3)

A

iodine solution

positive - blue/black

negative - brown

29
Q

Test for glucose/reducing sugars (6)

A

benedict’s solution

positive - orange-red

small amount - green

medium - yellow

negative - blue

must heat benedict reagent

30
Q

Test for protein (3)

A

biuret’s reagent

positive - purple

negative - blue

31
Q

Test for lipids (3)

A

ethanol

positive - emulsion, cloudy white solution

negative - clear

32
Q

Function of biological catalyst

A

speed up rate of reaction

33
Q

Define a substrate

A

molecule enzyme binds to at start of reaction

34
Q

Define a product

A

molecule formed at end of reaction

35
Q

Define complementary

A

enzyme active site shape matches substrate shape

36
Q

Define an enzyme’s active site

A

space where substrate fits into enzyme

37
Q

Define an enzyme substrate complex

A

substrate binding to enzyme

38
Q

Enzymes are specific and unique

True or false

A

True

39
Q

Effect of temperature on enzyme activity (4)

A

temperature increase = more kinetic energy = increase in collisions

greatest at optimum temp

greater than optimum temp = denaturation

rate of reaction decrease as enzyme active site no longer complementary to substrate

40
Q

Effect of pH on enzyme activity (2)

A

optimum pH = rate of enzyme reaction highest

low/high pH = denaturation

41
Q

Effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity (3)

A

substrates increase = faster rate

gradient decreases as less active sites available

gradient plateaus = all active sites occupied

Biology (6 decks)

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