B1, B2, B3, B4

Question 1

Define movement

Answer 1

action by organism/part of organism causing change in position/place

Question 2

Define respiration (2)

Answer 2

chemical reactions in cells

break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

Question 3

Define sensitivity

Answer 3

ability to detect stimuli in internal/external and respond appropriately

Question 4

Define growth

Answer 4

permanent increase in size/dry mass by increase in cell number/cell size (both)

Question 5

Define excretion

Answer 5

removal of waste products from organisms

Question 6

Define nutrition (3)

Answer 6

raw materials needed

to release energy

to make more cells for growth/development/repair

Question 7

Function of cell membrane (2)

Answer 7

holds cell together

controls substances entering/exiting cell

Question 8

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 8

suspends organelles

Question 9

Function of nucleus (2)

Answer 9

control cell activities/division

stores genetic material

Question 10

Function of cell wall (2)

Answer 10

supports cell

defines cell shape

Question 11

Function of vacuole (2)

Answer 11

storage of some materials

support cell shape

Question 12

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 12

photosynthesis

Question 13

Features of red blood cells (3)

Answer 13

no nucleus

biconcave shape

haemoglobin - reacts with oxygen

Question 14

Define acrosome (2)

Answer 14

tip of sperm cells

contains enzymes - break down egg cell membrane

Question 15

Define flagellum

Answer 15

tail of sperm cell which powers movement

Question 16

Function of cytoplasm in egg cell (2)

Answer 16

energy storage

nutrition for fertilised cell

Question 17

Function of root hair cells

Answer 17

absorb water/minerals

Question 18

Magnification formula

Answer 18

image size/actual size

Question 19

Define diffusion

Answer 19

net movement of particles from area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient and through a partially permeable membrane

Question 20

Define a turgid plant cell

Answer 20

plant cell full of water

Question 21

Define turgor pressure

Answer 21

pressure of water in cytoplasm against cell wall

Question 22

Define osmosis

Answer 22

movement of water particles from one area of high water potential to an area of low water potential down a water potential gradient

Question 23

Define water potential

Answer 23

ability of a cell to draw in water into itself

Question 24

Define a plasmolysed/flaccid cell (3)

Answer 24

dehydrated plant cell

cytoplasm shrinks

cell membrane pulls away from cell wall

Question 25

Define carbohydrates (2)

Answer 25

made up of simple sugars formed from carbon, hydrogen,oxygen atoms

Question 26

Define protein (2)

Answer 26

long chains of amino acids formed from carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, (sulfur)

Question 27

Define lipids (2)

Answer 27

made from fatty acids and glycerol formed from carbon,hydrogen, oxygen

Question 28

Test for starch (3)

Answer 28

iodine solution positive - blue/black negative - brown

Question 29

Test for glucose/reducing sugars (6)

Answer 29

benedict's solution positive - orange-red small amount - green medium - yellow negative - blue must heat benedict reagent

Question 30

Test for protein (3)

Answer 30

biuret's reagent positive - purple negative - blue

Question 31

Test for lipids (3)

Answer 31

ethanol positive - emulsion, cloudy white solution negative - clear

Question 32

Function of biological catalyst

Answer 32

speed up rate of reaction

Question 33

Define a substrate

Answer 33

molecule enzyme binds to at start of reaction

Question 34

Define a product

Answer 34

molecule formed at end of reaction

Question 35

Define complementary

Answer 35

enzyme active site shape matches substrate shape

Question 36

Define an enzyme's active site

Answer 36

space where substrate fits into enzyme

Question 37

Define an enzyme substrate complex

Answer 37

substrate binding to enzyme

Question 38

Enzymes are specific and unique True or false

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Effect of temperature on enzyme activity (4)

Answer 39

temperature increase = more kinetic energy = increase in collisions greatest at optimum temp greater than optimum temp = denaturation rate of reaction decrease as enzyme active site no longer complementary to substrate

Question 40

Effect of pH on enzyme activity (2)

Answer 40

optimum pH = rate of enzyme reaction highest low/high pH = denaturation

Question 41

Effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity (3)

Answer 41

substrates increase = faster rate gradient decreases as less active sites available gradient plateaus = all active sites occupied