Plant Kingdom

Question 1

What are plants

Answer 1

Multicellular
Autotrophic
Eukaryotic organisms

Question 2

Chlorophyll

Answer 2

Present in chloroplasts. Is able to convert suns energy into glucose which is then stored as starch

Question 3

Do plants/fungi or both have/do the following
Nucleus in cell
Cell wall
Locomotion
Chlorophyll
Method of nutrition

Answer 3

Fungus:
Yes multinucleated 
Yes made of chitin
No 
No
Saprophyte or parasite

Plant:
Yes one nucleus per cell
Yes made of cellulose
No 
Yes 
Autotrophic : photosynthesis

Question 4

Define bryophytes

Answer 4

1. Simples structure
2. No proper roots
3. Hairlike structures (rhizard) on lower surface to absorb moisture
4. Size is limited by the absence of vascular tissue
5. Spread limited because of heavy dependency on water (moss)
6. Reproduces by spores

Question 5

Ferns

Answer 5

• has root, stem, leaves
• possess vascular tissue therefore can attain considerable size
• waxy layer allows them to colonise drier areas
• reproduction (spores) still requires a damp environment
• roots grow from rhizome and are thus called adventitious roots

Question 6

Conifers

Answer 6

• dominate landscape in colder climates where flowering plants cannot compete
• plants that are able to conserve water
• produce seeds formed in cones, needs not enclosed in an ovary
• have thick needle like leaves and very thick cuticle which prevents water loss
• produce seeds formed in cones

Question 7

Angiosperms (flowering plants)

Answer 7

• must successful plants

- seeds enclosed in an ovary

Question 8

Differ from monocots and dicots

Answer 8

Monocots

• produce seed with one cotyledon
• leaves are long and narrow with parallel veins
• vascular bundles in the stem are scattered
• fibrous root system (grasses)

Dicots

• produce seeds with 2 cotyledons
• leaves are broad and veins form a network
• vascular bundles are arranged in a cylinder, close to epidermis
• tap root system (shrubs)

Question 9

What are vascular bundles?

Answer 9

They are used for transporting substances around the plant
Found in roots stems and leaves
2 types: xylem and phloem

Question 10

Define xylem and phloem

Answer 10

Xylem-

• lignin
• no sieve plates
• dead structures
• transports water and minerals
• transport from the root upwards in 1 direction (unidirectional flow)

Phloem

• no lignin
• sieve plates
• living tissue
• transport found in solution
• transport from all parts of plant in any direction (bidirectional flow)

Question 11

Draw the monocots and dicot

Answer 11

On

Question 12

Differences between root and stem

Answer 12

Root

• vascular bundles found towards centre to prevent uprooting
• no cambium
• no pith
• root hairs

Stem

• vascular bundles are more towards the sides to reduce sideways bending
• cambium
• pith
• no root hairs

Question 13

Draw the internal structure of the leaf

Answer 13

C

Question 14

Draw the cross section through a flower

Answer 14

X

Question 15

Male part and female part of a flower

Answer 15

Male - anther and filament

Female - stigma , style, ovary