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Botany > Plant growth n dev > Flashcards

Plant growth n dev Flashcards

1
Q

growth means

A

irrev, permanent increase in size of organ/cell

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2
Q

Unique feature of plant growth

A

unlimited growth

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3
Q

meristems have the capacity to

A

divide and self perpetuate

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4
Q

form of growth where new cells are added to plant by meristem activity is called

A

open form of growth

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5
Q

primary growth

A

growth of shoot and root apical meristems
-contribute to elongation of plant abt axis

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6
Q

secondary growth

A

lateral meristems- vascular and cork cambium help in increase of girth size
(mainly in dicots and gymno)

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7
Q

growth of cell measured by

A

increase in protoplasm size

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8
Q

increase in cells of maize

A

17,500/hr

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9
Q

increase in size of watermelon—

A

(cucurbita melo)- 3,50,000

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10
Q

ways of measuring growth- 5

A

increase in:
-number of cells
-size
-surface area (leaf)
-volume
-length (stem, root, pollen tube)

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11
Q

Growth is measured by

A

Auxanometer

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12
Q

abundant plasmodesmatas are seen in

A

meristamatic region

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13
Q

new cell wall deposition is seen in

A

elongation region

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14
Q

increased vacuolation is seen in —- region

A

elongation

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15
Q

intercellular spaces are absent in — region

A

meristamatic

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16
Q

primary cell wall (thin and cellulosic) is found in

A

meristamatic

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17
Q

maximal size in terms of — and — is attained in maturation phase

A

wall thickening and protoplasm modifications

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18
Q

cells rich in protoplasm with large conspicuous nuclei is found in

A

meristamatic

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19
Q

growth rate ===

A

growth/unit time

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20
Q

arithmetic growth

A

1 daughter continues to divide, the other differentiates
ex: Root, shoot elongation

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21
Q

eq of arithmetic growth

A

L(t) = L(0) + rt

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22
Q

curve of arithmetic growth

A

linear- straight line

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23
Q

geo growth

A

both daughter cells continue to divide
ex: early embryonic dev/in uni

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24
Q

eq of geo growth

A

W(1) = W(0)e^rt

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25
Q

geo growth graph

A

sigmoid curve- characteristic of living orgs growing in a natural environment

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26
Q

describe growth in geo growth wrt time

A

initial- lag phase- slow growth

mid- log/exponential phase
(GRAND PHASE)

end- Steady/stationary phase

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27
Q

Efficiency index

A

Relative growth rate (r)- measures ability of plant to produce new material

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28
Q

diff b/w absolute and relative growh rates

A

absolute- total growth/time

relative- absolute/intial*100

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29
Q

Cell enlargement requires

A

water (turgidity helps in growth, also provides medium for enzymatic activities for growth)

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30
Q

oxygen helps in — for plant growth

A

releasing metabolic energy

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31
Q

— are req for synthesis of protoplasm

A

nutrients (also act as a source of energy)

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32
Q

environmental factors for plan growth

A

optimum temp, light, gravity, etc

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33
Q

—-,—- and — cells differentiate

A

root and apical meristems, cambium (primary meristems)

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34
Q

primary meristems differentiate to form

A

primary permanent tissues (prim xylem, phloem and cortex)

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35
Q

interfascicular cambium and cork cambium are —- formed by —-

A

secondary meristems, dedifferentiation of prim permanent tissues

36
Q

redifferentiation of — produces —

A

secon meristems, secon permanent tissues (secon xylem, phloem, cortex/phelloderm, cork/phellem)

37
Q

differentiation in plants is — because

A

open, cells from same meristem may develop diff structures upon maturity

38
Q

formation of tracheary element is a form of

A

differentiation

39
Q

final structure of cell at maturity is also determined by

A

location of cell within plant body
(ex: cells away from root apical meristem become root cap and those at periphery become epidermis)

40
Q

Dev includes changes from — to —-

A

germination to senescence

41
Q

plasticity means

A

ability of plants to produce diff structures wrt environment/life stage

42
Q

Heterophylly (dev)

A

larkspur, coriander, cotton

43
Q

Heterophylly (envi)

A

Rannanculus (buttercup) and Limnophylla

44
Q

dev is the sum of

A

growth and differentiation

45
Q

plant hormones (PGRs)==

A

phytohormones

46
Q

growth promoters help in cell division, elongation, fruit, flower and seed formation, and —–, —–

A

tropic growth, pattern formation

47
Q

auxin is derived from

A

Indole
Indole-3-acetic acid

48
Q

Cytokinin is derived from

A

Adenine derivative
(N^6-furfurylamino purine==kinetin)

49
Q

Turpene derivates are

A

Gibberelins (Gibberellic acid)

50
Q

plant growth inhibitors also help in

A

Plants responses to wounds and stress

51
Q

____ observed auxin in

A

Charles and francis darwin
Canary grass

52
Q

____ isolated auxin in —-

A

F W Went
oats- Avena Sativa (1st plant to isolate auxin from)

53
Q

1st auxin was to be isolated from

A

human urine

54
Q

Bio assay of auxin

A

Avena Curvature test/Quantitative test

55
Q

Auxein means

A

to grow- greek word

56
Q

biosynthesis of auxin

A

by Tryptophane and Zinc ions

57
Q

Natural auxins are

A

Indole acetic acid
Indole butyric acid

58
Q

Artificial auxins are

A

naphthalene Acetic acid
2,4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
2,4,5 trichlorophenoxy acetic acid

59
Q

Characteristic function of auxin

A

Apical dominance

60
Q

Pruning to prevent apical dominance is done in

A

Tea plantations and hedges

61
Q

Auxin promotes flowering in

A

Pineapple and litchi

62
Q

Auxin is synthesised in

A

Root and shoot apex

63
Q

auxin induces parthenocarpy in

A

tomato- IAA

64
Q

—– auxin is used to kill dicot weeds

A

2, 4 D

65
Q

—- helps in xylem differentiation

A

auxin

66
Q

Bolting is promoted by

A

gibberelins (internode elongation just before flowering)

67
Q

characteristic function of gibberelins

A

internode/stem elongation

68
Q

gibberelin was discovered by ——- in

A

E Kurosawa
Bakane- foolish seedling disease on rice by Gibberella fugikuroi

69
Q

Term gibberellins was given by

A

Yabuta and sumukhi

70
Q

Gibberelins promote elongation of

A

genetically dwarf plants (Maize, pisum)
Cabbage, beet
Grape and apple stalks
sugarcane (increases yield by 20 tonnes/acre)

71
Q

—– help increase shelf life

A

gibberellins
they delay senescence

72
Q

seed germination is done by —- hormone

A

gibberellins
induces synthesis of lipase, amylase and protease

73
Q

gibberellins are used in brewing industry to

A

increase malt formation

74
Q

effect of gibberellins in conifers

A

promotes maturity— early seed production

75
Q

bio assay of gibberellins

A

synthesis of alpha amylase enzyme for seed germination

76
Q

cytokinin was obtained from

A

autoclaved herring sperm’s dna
isolation of zeatin from corn kernels and coconut milk

77
Q

cytokinin was observed by—-
discovered by

A

skoog
miller

78
Q

cytokinin + gibberellin===

A

pomalin (apple size enlarger)

79
Q

cf of cytokinin

A

cell division

80
Q

—- helps in morphogenesis

A

cytokinin

81
Q

for root differentiation

A

high auxin, less cytokinin

opp for shoot

82
Q

Richmond lang effect

A

inhibits senescence (Bio assay) as they help in nutrient mobilization

83
Q

cytokinin helps produce new —-

A

leaves and chloroplasts

84
Q

lateral growth and adventitious shoot formation is promoted by —–

A

cytokinin

85
Q
A

Botany (11 decks)

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