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Botany > Biological classification > Flashcards

Biological classification Flashcards

1
Q

Father of Botany

A

Theophrastus

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2
Q

5 Kingdom system of classification by:

A

R H Whittaker

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3
Q

Amino acids present in Murin

A

D- alanine, D-lysine, L-lysine, L-Glutanic acid

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4
Q

Bible of bacteria was written by

A

Bargey

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5
Q

Most common shape of bacteria

A

Bacillus

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6
Q

Coapland gave __ system of classification

A

4 kingdom

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7
Q

The term monera was given by

A

Daugherty and Allen

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8
Q

Chloronema is a example of

A

Green non sulphur bac

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9
Q

Anoxygenic photosynthesis is done by

A

Chlorobium and Chromatium

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10
Q

Bacteria which oxidises hydrogen is

A

Hydrogenomonas

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11
Q

Which enzyme helps in dna replication is bac? Its produced by?

A

DNA polymerase, Mesosome

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12
Q

Polysaccharides present in peptidoglycon are?

A

N. Acetyl muramic acid, N. Acetyl Galectosamine

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13
Q

Which bacterial shape is non motile?

A

Coccus

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14
Q

Nucleoid/Genophore is also called

A

Insipient Nucleus

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15
Q

Ammonifying bacteria which convert Organic N to ammonia and are saprophytes are:

A

Bacillus vulgaris, Bacillus ramosis

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16
Q

Largest Sulphur bacteria is:

A

Beggiota

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17
Q

Another sulphur bacteria is

A

Thiobacillus

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18
Q

Name the 4 walls in endospore of bacteria

A

Core wall, Cortex, Spore coat, Spore wall

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19
Q

Calcium di picolimic acid present in ___, helps in :

A

Cortex, Antico-agulant– survive extreme temp

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20
Q

Colisin plasmid releases ___ in host

A

Toxins

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21
Q

Anthrax is caused by

A

Bacillus anthracis

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22
Q

Clostridium butericum helps in

A

Retting of jute

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23
Q

Short Pili in bac are also called

A

Fimbriae

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24
Q

Endospore formation is what method?

A

Suspended method of adaptations

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25
Q

Plasmids which are specific antibiotic resistance

A

R (Resistant) plasmid

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26
Q

What decides male character of bac?

A

Presence of F plasmid

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27
Q

Avirulent strain is

A

R strain

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28
Q

Griffith did an experiment using which bac

A

Streptococcus (diplo/pneumo coccus) pneumoniae

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29
Q

Freeliving aerobic N fixing bac is

A

Azatobacter

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30
Q

E. Coli is a

A

Pollution indicator

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31
Q

80% of Ozygen in the world is given by

A

Cyanobacteria/ BGA

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32
Q

Pigments in bacs are

A

Bacterio purpurin (bac chl A), Bacterio viridin (bac chl B)

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33
Q

___ causes pathogenic nature of bac

A

Short pili

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34
Q

Gram +ve have

A

1 layer cell wall, get stained in crystal violet sol, less pili, 2 rings SM, more mesosomes

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35
Q

4 rings are present in basal body of

A

Gram -ve bac

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36
Q

Biochemical proof of transformation was given by

A

Avery, Mc Carty and Mc cleoid

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37
Q

R strain accepts S strain genes with the help of protein

A

receptor protein

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38
Q

What is oxygen scavinger

A

Leg hemoglobin

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39
Q

Azospirillum is a ___ present in ___ roots

A

Symbiotic bac, Wheat and Rice

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40
Q

Xanthomonas oryzae is ___ disease in __ plant

A

Leaf blight, Rice

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41
Q

Syphilis is caused by

A

Treponema pallidum

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42
Q

Who is the father of algae

A

F E Fritch

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43
Q

Which disease is caused by __ bacterium on lemon?

A

Citrus cancus, Xanthomonas citri

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44
Q

Conjugation is present for __ min

A

1

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45
Q

HFR bac/ Supermale has plasmid attached to genophore called

A

Episome

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46
Q

In which (normal conjugation/HFR) does F- turn into F+

A

Normal conjugation.

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47
Q

Lederburg gave term:

A

Plasmid

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48
Q

Claustridium tetani causes

A

Tetanus

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49
Q

Plague is caused by

A

Pastuerella Pestis

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50
Q

Transduction was discovered by ___ and __ in ___

A

Lederburg and Zinder, Salmonella typhi

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51
Q

Bacteriophage help is

A

Transduction

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52
Q

NH3 is coverted into NO2 by:

A

Nitosomonas and Nitrococcus

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53
Q

Nitrobacter helps in

A

Conversion of nitrite to nitrate

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54
Q

Nitrogenase helps in

A

Nitrogen fixation

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55
Q

Unicellular BGA

A

Spirulina, Senedesmus

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56
Q

Cholera is caused by a bac of shape

A

Vibrio- Comma shaped

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57
Q

Name 4 N fixing bac:

A

Rhizobium, Azorhizobium, Azotobacter, Clapsiella (Anaerobic)

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58
Q

Frankia is a filamentous bac (Actenomycetes) found in

A

Casurila, Alnus

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59
Q

Rhodospirillum and rhodopseudomonas are examples of

A

Free living N fixing and Purple- non sulphur bac

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60
Q

1st fungal antibiotic is from

A

Pennicillum

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61
Q

___ kills pathogenic bac and keeps rivers clean

A

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorous

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62
Q

Bacitacin anitibiotic is produced from __ and ___

A

Bacillus Licheniformis and bacillus Subtilis

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63
Q

Bacillus subtilin produces

A

Subtilin and Bacitracin

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64
Q

Riboflavin (Vit B2 supplement) is made with

A

Clostridium butylicum

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65
Q

Bac that do harful activity are

A

Psuedomonas denitrificance, Thiobacillus denitrificance

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66
Q

Along with lacto bacillus ___ helps in curding of milk

A

Streptobacillus lacti

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67
Q

Crown gall disease is caused by

A

Agrabacterium tumefacians

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68
Q

Diphtheria is caused by

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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69
Q

SCP is

A

Spirulina

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70
Q

Anabena is __ type of BGA

A

Colonial

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71
Q

Mesosome in bac== ___ in BGA

A

lamellosome

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72
Q

Pigments in chromotophores of BGA

A

chl A, Xanthophils, b-carotene, Phycobillins (cycanin and erythrin)

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73
Q

BGA that gives red sea its colour

A

Trichodesmium Erithrium

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74
Q

Cyanophycean starch granules and Fat droplets are?

A

Alpha, beta granules (Inclusion bodies)

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75
Q

Habitat of BGA

A

Most: Fresh water

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76
Q

Heterocyst contain ___ for N fixation

A

Nitrogenase

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77
Q

Filamentous BGA

A

Nostoc, Oscillatoria

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78
Q

Harmogonia formation occurs in

A

Filamentous BGA

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79
Q

What is seen in cycas (corolloid roots) for N2 fixation?

A

Nostac punctiformae
Anabena cycadasiarum

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80
Q

Anabena azollae are associated with

A

Azolla leaves (pteridophyte)

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81
Q

BGA Antibiotic

A

Tolipothrix

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82
Q

Obligate anaerobes are

A

Archaebacteria

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83
Q

Methanogens are present in

A

Guts of ruminant animals and Marshy areas

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84
Q

Bacterio Rhodopsin in Halophiles produce

A

Purple colour

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85
Q

___ are present in sulphur hot springs

A

Thermoacedophiles, Facultative aerobs

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86
Q

PPLO is sensitive to

A

Chloromphenicol, Tetracydin

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87
Q

Who discovered PPLO where

A

Raux and Nocard in Plural fluid of cows

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88
Q

Why is PPLO called the jokers of plant kingdom

A

They constantly change their shape

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89
Q

Trilamellar model of PM is present in

A

Mycoplasma

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90
Q

Respiration type of Mycoplasma

A

Facultative anaerobs

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91
Q

Aster Yellow disease is caused in

A

Sunflower by PPLO

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92
Q

Disease in legume caused by PPLO

A

Witch broom

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93
Q

Cattles suffer from ___ disease because of pplo

A

Bovine

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94
Q

Little leaf of __ is caused by Mycoplasma

A

Brinjal

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95
Q

Bunchy top of papaya is caused by

A

Mycoplasma

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96
Q

When do pplo form fried egg colonies

A

When placed in nutritive medium/culture

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97
Q

Kingdom protista was introduced by

A

Ernest Haeckel

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98
Q

Halophytic/Autotrophic nutrition is seen ___ protistans

A

Diatoms, Desmids, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids

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99
Q

Zygotic meiosis is seen in

A

Haplontic orgs- Dinoflagelates

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100
Q

Notiluca and Diatoms have ___ kind of life cycle

A

Diplontic (notiluca is exception from dinoflagellates).. Gametic meiosis, Zygotic mitosis

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101
Q

Anisogamy is

A

Fusion of structurally dissimilar but functionally same gametes (Opp in physiological anisogamy)

Seen in Dinoflagellates

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102
Q

Horizontal binary fission is seen in ___ protistan

A

Paramecium

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103
Q

Oogamy is seen in

A

Diatoms and Dinoflagellates

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104
Q

Diatoms and Desmids were placed in ___ class by Fritch

A

Chrysophyceae/ Chrysophyta

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105
Q

Chief producers in ocean are

A

Diatoms and desmids

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106
Q

Diatoms and desmids are called Jewels of the plant kingdom because

A

Golden brown colour

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107
Q

Diatomaceous soil is also called

A

Keiselgurh

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108
Q

___ are called Pearls of the ocean

A

Diatoms

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109
Q

Cyclosis occurs in diatoms and desmids. T/F

A

True
Due to present of large central vacuole

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110
Q

Cell wall of diatoms are made of

A

Cellulose, lined by Silica crystals… Make it indestructable

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111
Q

Cell wall of diatoms and desmids is known as

A

Frustule

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112
Q

Which theca is bigger than which in dd?

A

Epitheca is bigger than hypotheca

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113
Q

Diff b/w desmids and diatoms

A

Diatoms- OOgamy, diploid nucleus, pearls of ocean

Desmids- haploid nucleus

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114
Q

Uses of diatomaceous soil?

A

-Polishing metals
-Oil filtration
-Making dynamites
-Making sound proof sheets

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115
Q

Reductional binary fission is seen in

A

Diatoms n desmids

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116
Q

Storage food materials of DD

A

Leucosin and oils

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117
Q

Chloroplast of DD contains

A

Chl a, Chl c, Beta carotene, Xanthophylls

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118
Q

Examples of Diatoms n Desmids

A

Navicula
Pinnularia

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119
Q

Spores present in DD are known as

A

Auxospores

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120
Q

Protistans which show spore formation are

A

Slime moulds

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121
Q

Fritch placed ___ orgs in Pyrrophyta?

A

Dinoflagellates (Pyrrophyta==Dinaphytta=Dinophyceae)

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122
Q

Exclusively marine protistans are

A

Dinoflagellates

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123
Q

Vertical and horizontal grooves in Dinoflagellates are?

A

Sulcus and Annulus

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124
Q

Which flagella is longer in dinoflagellates?

A

Vertical

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125
Q

Whirling whips are

A

Dinoflagellates
Because of spinning movement (caused by movement of both flagellas)

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126
Q

Cell wall of dinoflagellates are called

A

Lorica

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127
Q

Mesokaryon is a feature of

A

Dinoflagellates
Pro- no histone protein
Eu- has nuclear membrane

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128
Q

Due to the characteristic of bioluminescence, ___ is called sea ghost

A

Noctiluca, Only diplontic dinoflagellate

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129
Q

Red tides are caused by

A

Goneaulax, DF

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130
Q

Saxitoxin secreted by ___ and ___ causes paralysis

A

Goneaulax, Gymnodium

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131
Q

Ceratium belongs to

A

DF

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132
Q

Pigments of DF

A

Chl a, Chl c, Alpha carotene, Xanthophylls- Dinoxanthophylls

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133
Q

Starch is stored food of

A

DF

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134
Q

Where is the nucleus present in euglenoids

A

Posterior side

135
Q

Mouth of euglena is

A

Cystostome

136
Q

2 flagellas of euglena are produced by

A

Basal granules (Blepharoplast)

137
Q

Proteinaceous layer around Euglena is called

A

Pellicle

138
Q

What is cytopharynx

A

Point of fusion of 2 flagellas of euglena

139
Q

Mastigonemes present on one side of the flagella make it:

A

Motile
Stichomatic type of Flagella

140
Q

Food stored in euglena is

A

Paramylum granules-

Amulyopectin with Beta 1,3 Glucons

141
Q

Zeaxanthin, Chl a, Chl b, Beta Carotene are pigments present in

A

Euglena

142
Q

Sexual reproduction is not seen in ____ protistan

A

Euglena

143
Q

Mode of nutrition of euglena

A

Mixotrophic- Auto and Sapro

144
Q

Most primitive animals are

A

Euglenoids
Connecting link b/w plants and animals

145
Q

___ in euglena helps detect light

A

Eye spot

146
Q

Most primitive fungi are

A

Slime moulds

147
Q

Antonia debari placed slime moulds in ______ class

A

Mycota

148
Q

Transparent, irregularly shaped, living in debris wala protistan is?

A

Slime moulds

149
Q

Coenocytic Slime moulds are

A

Acellular

150
Q

Fusion of acellular and partial grouping of cellular slimemoulds form ___ n ____

A

Plasmodium
Pseudo plasmodium

151
Q

Spores produced by plasmodium during unfav condition is surrounded with___ cell wall

A

Cellulosic

152
Q

Fungal, plant and animal character is present in

A

Slime moulds

153
Q

Swarm cells are

A

formed sometimes when spores of slimemoulds germinate.. They have 2 flagellas- isogamous. 2 merge to form zygote

154
Q

Entamoeba Histolica causes

A

Amoebiosis

155
Q

Silica on surface is present in ___ protozoans

A

Amoeboid protozoan

156
Q

Sleeping sickness is caused by

A

Trypanosoma Gambiense

157
Q

Slipper animalcule is

A

Paramecium

158
Q

Gullet for ingestion is present in

A

Ciliated protozoans like paramaecium

159
Q

Which protozoans are endoparasites and live in RBC?

A

Sporozoans
Ex: Plasmodium vivax

160
Q

Which protozoans are endoparasits and live in RBC?

A

Sporozoans
Ex: Plasmodium vivax

161
Q

Chromoplasm is present in ___ bacteria

A

Cyanobacteria

162
Q

Akinetes are form a of reproduction seen in

A

Nostoc- Cyanobacteria

163
Q

Thermococcus belongs to ___ bac

A

Thermoacidophiles, Archaebacteria

164
Q

Cell wall is absent in ___ monera

A

Mycoplasma

165
Q

Diseases caused by PPLo

A

WABBLi

Witches broom in legumes
Aster yellow in sunflower
Bovine disease in cattle
Bunchy top of papaya
Little leaf of brinjal

166
Q

Thylakoids without chloroplast is present in ___ protistan

A

Dinoflagellates

167
Q

Fungi kingdom was introduced by

A

R H Whittaker

168
Q

Fungi grow in ____ habitat

A

Warm and Moist

169
Q

Coprophylus fungi like ___ grown on

A

Pilobolus (Zygomycetes), Dunk of animals

170
Q

Fungi which grow on wood and burnt wood respectively are called

A

Epixylic
Xylophillous

171
Q

Aseptate mycellium is present in

A

Phycomycetes

172
Q

Dolipore septa leads to ___ condition, mostly seen in

A

Dikaryotic, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes

173
Q

Fungi which dont have chitinous cell wall are

A

Oomycetes( Albugo, Puthium)

174
Q

Unicisternal golgi complex is a feature of

A

Cells of fungi

175
Q

Storage food of fungi

A

Glycogen and oils

176
Q

When is Torulla stage (Many buds) formed in Budding of Saccharomyces cerviciae

A

When sugar content is high in Yeast

177
Q

Shizosaccharomyces cerviciae takes ____ time for fission

A

90mins

178
Q

Aplanospore/ Sporangiophore is formed in

A

Phycomycetes (Aseptate)

179
Q

Aplanospore have rootlike structures called _____

A

Rhizoids

180
Q

Spores formed in aseptate fungi are

A

Sporangio/Aplano spores.. Endogenous, non motile, haploid

181
Q

Zoospores are called so because

A

They are animal like- Have flagella

182
Q

Zoospores are produced by

A

Oomycetes

183
Q

Conidiospores are formed in

A

Phyco, Asco, Duetero

184
Q

Primary, secondary, Tertiary branch are named ___ in conidiospore

A

Ramei, Metulae, Sterigmata (bottle shape)

185
Q

Big at the end to small towards sterigmata type arrangement in conidiospore is

A

Basipetal arrangement

186
Q

Exogenous, non motile and thin walled spores are

A

Conidiospore

187
Q

Most have fungi have sex organs. T/F

A

False

188
Q

Gametangial contact forms ___ spores and is seen in

A

Oospores, oomycetes

189
Q

Brush mould is

A

Conidiospore

190
Q

Male and Female sex organ in oomycetes is

A

Female- Oogonium
Male- Antheridium

191
Q

Homothallic is seen only in

A

Gametangial contact, Oomycetes

192
Q

Steps in sexual reproduction of fungi include

A

Plasmogamy, (Dikaryotisation), Karyogamy, Meiosis

193
Q

Zygomycetes show ___ sexual repro

A

Gametonfial corpulation

194
Q

Only diploid sexual spore is

A

Oospore

195
Q

+ve and -ve gametangia are formed in

A

Gametangial corpulation

196
Q

Meiosis is absent in __ sex repro of fungi

A

Gametangial contact- oomycetes

197
Q

Germ spores are formed inside

A

Zygospore after meiosis

198
Q

In ___ sex repro of fungi the spermatia is carried by wind from Spermatium (male) to Carpogonia/Ascogonia (female)

A

Spermatization

199
Q

Sex organs are completely absent here, therefore fusion of somatic cells happen in:

A

Somatogamy

200
Q

4 classes of fungi are classified on the basis of

A

-Types of Fruiting bodies
-Mycellium Structure
-Spore formation

201
Q

Algal fungi are

A

Phycomyctes- esp Oomyctes cuz it lives in aquatic habitat

202
Q

Sac fungi is

A

Ascomycetes

203
Q

Late blight in potato is caused by ____ oomycetes

A

Phytopthera infestens
Caused famine of ireland

204
Q

Albugo candida (oomycetes) causes white rust in ___

A

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) family.. Cabbage, cauliflower

205
Q

Saprolegnia (Oomycetes) causes ____ in fish gills

A

Salmon diesease

206
Q

Damping off disease is caused by ___ in ___

A

Pythium dibarium (oomycetes), Seedlings of Tomato, castor, mustard, chilli

207
Q

Weed of lab (Zygomycetes) is

A

Mucor
Spoils culture

208
Q

Rhizopus is

A

Zygomycetes, Bread/ Pin/ Black mould

209
Q

Type of fungi to show all type of sex repro are? State all with examples

A

Ascomycetes

  1. Gametangial contact- PYRONEMA
  2. Gametangial corpulation- YEAST
  3. Spermatization- ASCOBOLUS
  4. Somatogamy- PEZIZA, MORCHELLA
210
Q

Somatogamy in ascomycetes have delayed karyogamy, showing ___ FORMATION

A

Ascogenous Hyphae/ Ascus covered by Fruiting body

211
Q

Cleistothecium- ball/ club shaped FB is seen in ___ ascomycetes

A

Pennicilum

212
Q

Peziza has ___ shaped FB

A

Apothecium- Cup shaped

213
Q

Flask shaped FB is called ___ and is present in:

A

Perithecium

Nuerospora Craessa
Claviseps Purpuria
Aspergillus niger

214
Q

1 diploid nucleus of Ascomycetes in somatogamy forms how many ascospores

A

8

(4 through meiosis, multiplied by 2 cuz of mitosis)

215
Q

Coprophilus fungi are

A

Pilobolus (zygo), Peziza (asco)

216
Q

Nuerospora cressa (asco) is called

A

Drosophila of Plant Kingdom— Fruit fly

Extensive work done on thiss by TH Morgor

217
Q

Claviceps purpuria (asco) causes ___ in bajra

A

Ergot of Rye

218
Q

Aspergillus niger release Aflatoxins. T/F

A

False. It helps in Citric acid extaction.
Aspergillus Flavous releases Aflatoxins- fatal.

219
Q

Bakane/ Foolish seedling on rice is caused by (asco) ____

A

Gibberella Fugicori

220
Q

Edible ascocarps are

A

Morrels, Truffles

221
Q

Cheese is extracted from ___ asco

A

Penicillium roquiforty
Penicillium commemberty

222
Q

Penicillium notatum is used to produce

A

Penicillin antibiotic

223
Q

Largest size of fungi is found in class

A

Basidiomycetes== club fungi

224
Q

2 mycellium are present in

A

Basidio

225
Q

Habitat of basidio

A

Dead and decayed matter, Parasites, logs

226
Q

Delayed karyogamy in basidio during somatogamy leads to formation of

A

-Parenthosome- handle like projections– help in maintaining dikaryotization
-Forms dolipore septa– secondary mycellium
-Basidiocarp

227
Q

Outgrowth of bacidium forms a raindrop structure and spore called

A

Basidiospore
-exogenous, uninucleated, haploid, non motile

228
Q

Smut disease is caused by (basidio)

A

Ustilago trirtici in wheat

229
Q

Heteroecious fungi (basidio)– is?

A

Puccina graminis tritici

Life cycle in 2 plants- wheat and barberry

Causes Rust disease in wheat

230
Q

Father of Indian Mycology is

A

R Mehta
Did exp on Puccina graminis trittici

231
Q

Button mushroom- edible is

A

Agaricus bisporus

232
Q

Largest fungi is

A

Armillaria milla

233
Q

Hallucinogens include

A

Psilocybe mexicana

234
Q

death cup is

A

Amanita felloides

Other poisonous mushrooms== toadstools- Amanita muscaria

235
Q

Lycoperidum is

A

Puff balls

236
Q

Brackett fungi is

A

Polyphorus

237
Q

Fungi imperfecti is

A

Dueteromycetes
No sex repro

238
Q

__ class of fungi help in mineral recycling and litter decomposing

A

Dueteromycetes

239
Q

Leaf spot==Brown spot disease is caused by ___ (deutero)

A

Helmanthosporium oryzae
caused bengal famine

240
Q

Early blight of potato is caused by

A

Alternaria Solani- duetero

241
Q

____ produced by Trychoderma polysporum (deutero) helps in organ transplant by suppressing immunty

A

Cyclosporun A

242
Q

Colliotrichum falcatum causes

A

Red rot disease in sugarcane

243
Q

Ringworm of foot is caused by (duetero)

A

Tricophyton interdigitate

244
Q

Tikka disease on groundnut is caused by

A

Careospora Personata

245
Q

Mycorrhizal roots are

A

Fungi associated plant roots

246
Q

Hearting net is present in

A

Ectomycorrhiza

247
Q

Glomus/ Boletus Fungi are associated with ___ roots

A

Pinus

248
Q

Mycorrhizal roots are mainly formed by ___ and ___ fungi

A

Basidio- Ecto
Zygo- Endo

249
Q

Queens of PK are

A

Orchids

250
Q

____ roots in orchid help in absorbing P and N from soil?

A

VAM
Vascular, arbuscular mycorrhizal roots

251
Q

Viruses were first discovered by? What else did he conclude?

A

D J Ivanowsky

Viruses are smaller than bac– did exp with Tobacco mosaic virus

252
Q

Contangium Vivum fluidium was said by

A

M W Bijerinek

253
Q

W M Stanley observed crystallization of virus to which shape

A

Rod shape
300*20 nm

254
Q

Zoophage have Dna. T?F

A

True
Phytophage have Rna

255
Q

TMV has ____ nucleotides in ss rna

A

6400

256
Q

Subunits of capsid are

A

Capsomere
2130 in TMV

257
Q

Bacteriophage was discovered by

A

Twort and de heralle

258
Q

ds linear dna is present in ___ virus

A

Bacteriophage

259
Q

Tail fibers help in

A

attachment to host

260
Q

Only rna is present in __- virus

A

Viroid

261
Q

Prions have

A

only protein coat

262
Q

Viral particles are called

A

Virion

263
Q

Diseases caused by viroids

A

Potato spindle tuber
Citrus Exocartosis
Chrysanthimum stunt

264
Q

Bovine Sponzyform Encephalopathy causes

A

Madcow disease

265
Q

Laughing death disease is

A

KURU

266
Q

___ prion disease affects human brain, causing brain cells to shrink?

A

Creudz feldt jakob (CFJ)

267
Q

Scrapie disease is caused on ___- by prions

A

Sheeps

268
Q

False chromosome is present in

A

Bacteria

269
Q

Smallest and most resistant type of bac are

A

Coccus

270
Q

Where is the basal body of Bacterial flagellum present

A

B/w cell wall and cell membrane

271
Q

Inner pair of basal rings of flagellum are present __

A

Within cell cell membrane
SM
Thats why there in Gram positive

272
Q

Each monomer of filament (of bac flagellum) are arranged in ___ shape

A

Spiral

273
Q

___ helps bac attach to rocks and hosts

A

Fimbriae

274
Q

____ forms capsule in bac

A

Cell membrane

275
Q

Glycocalyx protects the bac from

A

WBC
Also- helps in colony formation

276
Q

Bac cell membrane is made of

A

Lipoprotein

277
Q

bacterial Cell wall is formed by

A

Mesosome

278
Q

Saprotrophic bac that causes most lethal food poisoning (and is obligate anaerobe is)

A

Clostridium Botulinum

279
Q

Bac used for genetic engineering are

A

E coli, agrabacterium (gram -ve)

280
Q

____ causes souring wine (bac)

A

Acetobacter aceti

281
Q

Bacterial cell divide by ___ which is faster than Mito and mieosis

A

Amitosis

282
Q

Endospore formation is usually seen in ___ bac

A

Bacillus

283
Q

Plant pathogenic bac are mostly

A

Gram -ve and non spore forming

284
Q

___ belong to Myxophyceae

A

BGA
==Cyanophyceae

285
Q

___ bga can be grown artificially in water tanks and act as fodder to cattle

A

Spirulina

286
Q

Mucilagenous sheath is made of

A

Mucopolysaccharides (pectic acid)

287
Q

Chromatophores of BGA have membrane around them. T/F

A

True
They’re in the form of Vesicles lamellae

288
Q

Gas vacuoles are found in

A

BGA, Purple n green photosynthetic bac

289
Q

___ BGA is found in paddy fields, for increase production of rice

A

Aulosira mainly
Anabena too

290
Q

Oldest living fossil are

A

Archaebac
-Grp of ancient bac

291
Q

Osmotrophic mode of nutrition is seen in

A

mycoplasma

292
Q

Richest source of bac

A

Soil

293
Q

Prokaryotes which grow and multiply in very deep marine sediments are

A

Barophilic Prokaryotes

294
Q

Dinoflagellates are marine and are found

A

on the surface of water

295
Q

Armoured algae is

A

Dinoflagellates

296
Q

False fungi are

A

Slime moulds

297
Q

During unfav condition plasmodium differentiates to form ____

A

Fruiting bodies with spores in their tip

298
Q

Slime mould which produces spore that survives for many years and dispersed later by air current is

A

Physarum

299
Q

___ are cosmopolitan orgs

A

Fungi, live anywhere in warm and humid places

300
Q

Fungi obtain their food through

A

Haustoria

301
Q

Karyogamy in sex repro of fungi forms ____

A

Synkaryon

302
Q

Narcotic drug _____ is obtained from Claviceps purpurea

A

LSD
Lysergic acid diethylamide

303
Q

One gene- One enzyme theory was given by ___ by experimenting on

A

Beadle and Tatum

Neurospora cress

304
Q

Morchella is commonly called

A

Morels

305
Q

Birds nest fungi are

A

Cyathus and Nidularia

306
Q

Slime moulds have cell wall at time of ___

A

Repro

307
Q

Virus means

A

Poisonous fluid/Venom

308
Q

Virus which are Spherical, Rod shaped, Tadpole like are:

A

Influenza, TMV, Bacteriophage

309
Q

Cauliflower mosaic virus has

A

ds dna (all plant infecting virus have rna except this)

310
Q

ss dna is present in ___ animal virus

A

Gemini virus

311
Q

Central core and capsid of virus are collectively known as

A

Nucleoprotein

312
Q

TMV shows __ symmetry

A

Helical symmetry
Capsids are arranged in helical manner

313
Q

Phi * 174 bacteriophage has ___ symmetry

A

Icosahedral

314
Q

TMV has ___ percent protein and ___ percent RNA

A

95- protein
5- RNA

315
Q

Leaf curl of papaya is caused by

A

Viruses

316
Q

Symptoms of virus disease in plants

A

Mosaic formation
Leaf rolling, curling, yellowing
Vein clearing
Dwarfing
Stunted growth

317
Q

Human diseases caused by viruses

A

Influenza
Mumps
Small pox
Herpes disease
AIDS

318
Q

Free infectious RNA is

A

Viroid

319
Q

Slow viruses/ Smallest proteinaceous infectious agents are

A

Prions

320
Q

Biological indicator of air pollution is

A

Lichens

321
Q

Viroid that enters into another virus is called

A

Virusoid

322
Q

Lichens show a symbiotic relationship b/w

A

Fungi- Mycobiont- 95 percent
Algae- Phycobiont- 5 percent

322
Q

Asco and basidio lichens belong to ___ class respectively

A

Asco- Chlorophyceae
Basidio- Cyanophyceae

323
Q

Asexual spores of lichens are

A

Soredia

324
Q

Crustose (ball/club shaped lichens are)

A

Graphis and Lecamora

325
Q

Old mans beard and Reindeer moss belong to ___ shape of lichens

A

Fruticose- Branch like

Reindeer moss- Cladonia
Old mans beard- Usnia

326
Q

Fire of the forests are ___ lichens

A

Usnia
Have strong usnic acid that burns dry leaves, causing forest fire

327
Q

Iceland moss is

A

Centraria ilandica

328
Q

Foliose- leaf like lichen are

A

Parmelia, Peltizora

329
Q

Pioneer if vegetation on barren rock is

A

Lichen

330
Q

Lecanora is

A

Bread of Heaven of Jews

331
Q

___ lichen is used in salad. It is also called Rock flower

A

Parmelia

332
Q

___ treats burning wounds (lichen)

A

Usnia

333
Q
A

Botany (11 decks)

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