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Bio > Plant Form and Function > Flashcards

Plant Form and Function Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Plants help

A

Climate Regulation

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2
Q

Plants regulate climate by

A

1) Decreasing CO2 in atmosphere

2) Carbon sink

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3
Q

Carbon sink from above ground biomass

A

1/3

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4
Q

Carbon sink from below ground biomass

A

2/3

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5
Q

Major part of plant

A

1) Flower
2) Stem
3) Leaves
4) Roots

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6
Q

Shoot system

A

Flower and stems

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7
Q

Ways of absorption

A

1) Roots - water and nutrients

2) Leaves - light

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8
Q

Types of surface structure

A

1) Thick
2) Tubelike
3) Flatened

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9
Q

Thick

A

0.03, potato

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10
Q

Tubelike

A

0.04, root

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11
Q

Flattened

A

Most SA, leaves, absorb more light

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12
Q

Kinds of roots

A

1) Taproot

2) Fibrous

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13
Q

Taproot

A

extra storage system for nutrients

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14
Q

Fibrous

A

highly branched, more effective, reaches out for nutrients

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15
Q

Root phenotypic plasticity

A

root is flexible in characteristics and can change phenotype to adapt

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16
Q

Modified root types

A

1) Anchor
2) Prop
3) Pnuematophores
4) Storage

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17
Q

Anchor root

A

holds stem to structure, one central root with offshoots, ie ivy

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18
Q

Prop root

A

stabilize, main trunk root with downward offshoots, corn

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19
Q

Pnuematophore roots

A

for gas exchange, doesn’t flood roots, mangroves

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20
Q

Storage roots

A

store carbs, carrot

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21
Q

Parts of stem

A

1) nodes
2) inter nodes
3) bud

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22
Q

Nodes

A

where leaf comes out of stem

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23
Q

Internodes

A

space in between nodes

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24
Q

Bud

A

1) terminal

2) axillary

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25
Q

Apisal meristem

A

where plant grows upward from

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26
Q

Axillary bud

A

formed where petiole meets stem

27
Q

Petiole

A

stem/trunk of leaf

28
Q

Modified stems

A

1) hollow
2) Rhizome
3) Thorns

29
Q

Water storage stems

A

hollow

30
Q

Horizontal stems with shoots

A

rhizomes

31
Q

Protective stems

A

thorns

32
Q

Leaf types

A

1) simple
2) compound
3) needlelike
4) double compound

33
Q

Simple leaf

A

broad single blade, 1 petiole

34
Q

Compound leaf

A

leaf blade is leaflets, elm

35
Q

Needlelike leaf

A

good for very cold or very hot, less

36
Q

Double compound

A

lots of leaflets, not damaged by wind/rain

37
Q

Leaf phenotypic plasticity

A

leaf can change phenotypes to adapt to environment

38
Q

Thick leaf

A

more water retained

39
Q

Modified leaf types

A

1) tendril
2) succulent
3) flower mimics

40
Q

Tendril leaves

A

climbing, anchors plant, vines

41
Q

Succulent leaves

A

store water, aloe

42
Q

Flower mimics

A

attract pollinators, poinsettia

43
Q

Parts of plant cell

A

1) cell wall
2) vacuole
3) plastids
4) chloroplast

44
Q

Cell wall

A

made of cellulose, protects and gives structure, allows communication

45
Q

Vacuole

A

fluid filled vesicle, takes up 90% intracellular space, supports

46
Q

Turgor pressure

A

pressure of vacuole pushing cell wall to keep plant upright, vacuole fills with water and swells cell

47
Q

Plastids

A

make/store food

48
Q

Endosymbiotic origin

A

plants without plastids absorbed them and formed new species that had chlorophyll (?)

49
Q

Chloroplast

A

of plastids, where photosynthesis happens

Thylakoid, gramm, chlorophyll

50
Q

Thylakoid

A

individual disc, holds chlorophyll that gives plant color, found in stacks

51
Q

Gramm

A

stacks of thylakoids

52
Q

Chlorophyll

A

uses sunlight for glucose photosynthesis

53
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

gaps in between cells that allow transportation and communication

54
Q

Protein

A

allow/enable communication

55
Q

Stomata

A

opening on leaves for gas exchange

56
Q

Guard cells

A

cells around stomata

57
Q

Water filled guard cells

A

open stomata

58
Q

Stomata closed

A

guard cell empty of water

59
Q

Trichomes

A

small hairy epidermal cells, keep leaf cool, reflect sunlight, decrease transpiration, protect

60
Q

Cuticle

A

waxy layer, water retention

61
Q

Lipids

A

repel water, prevent water loss

62
Q

Keep upright

A

vacuoles and cell wall

63
Q

Water balance

A

roots, stomata, cuticle

Bio (7 decks)

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