Plant Form and Function Flashcards
In which structure do plants sustain growth?
Apical meristems.
What is the function of lateral meristems?
Add a thickness to woody plants, allowing for them to grow taller.
What are the two types of lateral meristems?
Vascular cambium and cork cambium.
Describe the function of the vascular cambium.
Adds thickness to plants by adding secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem.
Describe the function of the cork cambium.
Located surrounding the vascular cambium, the cork cambium replaces the epiderm with the tougher periderm.
What are the three tissue systems of plants?
Ground, dermal, vascular.
What is ground tissue internal to the vasculature called?
Pith.
What is ground tissue external to the vasculature called?
Cortex.
Describe the dermal tissue system and its components.
Consists of epidermis in non-woody plants, and consists of periderm in woody plants.
Epidermis is covered by cuticle and has outgrowths called trichomes.
What is the function of the cuticle?
To prevent water loss from the epidermis, can also cool the plant down by reflecting UV rays.
What are trichomes?
Outgrowths of the shoot epidermis used to help reduce water loss and protect against insects.
What is the purpose of glandular trichomes?
Accumulate specialized metabolites that help with plant defense.
What is the purpose of spear-like trichomes?
Hindering movement of insects crawling.
T/F; Trichomes are living cells with a nucleus.
True!
What is the purpose of the vascular tissue system?
Long distance transport of material between shoots and roots, as well as mechanical support.
What are the two vascular tissues.
Xylem and phloem.
What is the purpose of xylem?
Transports water and dissolved minerals upward from roots to shoots.
What is the purpose of phloem?
Transports nutrients from where they are made to where they are needed.
What is the vascular tissue of a stem or root called?
Stele.
T/F; The vascular tissue of leaves and stems is divided into vascular bundles.
True
T/F; The vascular tissue of angiosperm roots is divided into vascular bundles.
False, is instead one solid central vascular cylinder.
Ground tissue includes cells specialized in ____
Storage, photosynthesis, support and transport.
What are the three differentiated plant cell types that we focused on?
Parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma.
Describe the structure and function of Parenchyma cells.
Thin, flexible cell walls made of sugars, cellulose and proteins.
Thin cell wall allows for cells to perform metabolic functions, and also has ability to divide and differentiate.
Describe the structure and function of Collenchyma cells.
