Fungi Flashcards
What 3 lifestyles are fungi described to have?
decomposers, parasites, mutualists
what is the most common body structure of fungi? which fungi have this body structure?
multicellular filaments and single cells (yeasts)
describe the body structure of a mycelia.
- networks of branched hyphae (most of fungi is below ground)
- maximizes surface area for absorption
- cell wall contains tough chitin
what is the difference between septate and coenocytic hyphae ?
septate hyphae have septae, coenocytic hyphae do not have septae, but rather a cytoplasmic mass with many nuclei
which has more chitin, septate or coenocytic hyphae? why?
septate bc the septae are made of chitin bc they r extensions of cell wall
what are haustoria?
specialized hyphae that some fungi have that allow them to penetrate tissues of host.
how do mycorrhizal fungi reproduce?
spore dispersal
how do moulds reproduce asexually?
releasing spores
how do yeasts reproduce asexually?
cell division and budding from parent cell
what are some examples of ascomycetes? where can they be found?
- unicellular yeasts, cup fungi, and morels
- can be found in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats
where do ascomycetes produce their sexual spores?
internally produce spores in asci which are located in ascocarps.
what are some examples of basidiomycetes? what are their common traits?
- white button mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, mycorrhizae
- reproductive structures produced externally
- have club like, spore bearing structures called basidium
- many are wood decomposers
how many of the known fungal species are pathogens?
30%
which fungi has done extensive damage to lodgepole pine forests in BC transmitted by mountain pine beetle?
Grosmannia clavigera (blue stain fungus)
fungi are excellent decomposers of organic materials such as ___.
cellulose and lignin
which fungi has been used to fight against bacterial infections by producing metabolites?
penicillium
what is a lichen?
the mutualistic relationship between a fungi *usually ascomycete) and a photosynthetic alga / cyanobacteria
what are the first inhabitants of new rock and soil surfaces?
lichens!
what gives a lichen its shape?
fungi
where can the algae/cyanobacteria be found in a lichen?
inner layer below lichen surface
how do lichens reproduce?
asexually;
by fragmentation or formation of soredia
what are soredia?
small clusters of fungal hyphae with embedded algae
