Plant Diversity Flashcards
What is the function of vascular tissue?
its used to transport nutrients and water through the plants
What is the function of a root system?
anchoring system, ability to absorb underground water and nutrients
What is the function of the cuticle/cork?
protection, decrease water loss
What is gas exchange?
pores that allow for gas exchange
What is the cycle of alternation of generations of plants?
sporophyte (multicellular diploid) —> meiosis —> haploid spores —> mitosis —> gametophyte (multicellular haploid) —> mitosis —> gametes —> fertilization —> zygote (diploid) —> mitosis
What do diploid plants produce?
spores (sporophyte)
What do haploid plants produce?
gametes (gametophyte)
How many times does meiosis occur in the life cycle?
once
What are bryophytes?
mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
What are the characteristics of bryophytes?
seedless nonvascular plants, water is necessary for reproduction, lack vascular tissue, no true roots, stems, or leaves, cant absorb water from the soil, rhizoids used to anchor (root-like organs), use simple diffusion of water for transportation and reproduction, and the gametophyte is dominant generation
What are pterophytes?
ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes
What are the characteristics of pterophytes?
seedless vascular plants, have true stems, roots, and leaves, and have vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
What are gymnosperms?
cycads, ginkgo, and conifers
What are the characteristics of gymnosperms?
vascular seed plants, have seeds, pollen: immature male gametophyte, and doesn’t need water for fertilization
What are the characteristics of conifers?
cones are the reproductive structures; male and female, and the cone is the site for all alternation of generations
What are the features that help to reduce drought in conifers?
leaves have reduced surface area (needles), sunken stomates, and thick cuticles
What are the characteristics of angiosperms?
vascular seed plants, very diverse, flowers are key characteristics, and the flower if the site of all alternation of generations
What are the two classes of flowering plants?
monocots (grasses, palms, lilies) and dicots/eudicots (herbaceous and woody, most plants)
Monocot vs dicot:
monocot: seed-one cotyledon, root- fibrous roots, vascular- scattered, leaf- parallel veins, flower- multiples of three
dicot: seed- two cotyledon, root- tap roots, vascular- ringed, leaf- net-liked veins, flower- 4 or 5
