Plant Diversity #1 - Supplemental #6 Flashcards
what was the first form of life to become terrestrial?
cyanobacteria 1.2 BYA
plants didn’t become terrestrial until…
500 MYA
the first forests were formed…
355 MYA
first _____ MY of plant evolution include the emergence of seedless plants
100
plants were formed by…
primary enosymbiosis
charophytes
type of green algae that inhabit the edges of shallow freshwater ponds and lakes
how did a chorphyte evolve?
its ancestor could resist desiciation(supa dry) took advantage of newly available terrestrial habitats
Sporopollenin
durable polymer produced by charophytes and land plants which makes them resistant to dessication and protects zygotes
4 benefits of plants colonizing land
access to unfiltered sunlight, more atmospheric carbon dioxide, minerals in soil and release from the competition, predation and disease
2 challenges to plant colonizing land
lack of structural support against gravity and decreased access to water
5 adaptations of all embryophytes (land plants)
alternation of generations, dependent embryo, walled spores produced in sporangia, multicellular gametophyte, and apical meristems
Mitosis
produces diploid (2n) daughter cells to diploid parents or with haploid to haploid (n)
Meiosis
reduces chromosome number by half
3 adaptations that some land plants have
epidermis has a cuticle, early plants without roots formed associations with fungi, and secondary compounds to protect plants from UV radiation, herbivores and parasites
vascular plants
a monophyletic group that have tissues specialized for transporting water and nutrients
non-vascular plants
a non-monopyletic group that includes mosses, liverworts and hornworts
