plant def

Question 1

 Androecium:

Answer 1

The stamens of a flower collectively, which are pollen producing organs

Question 2

 Antheridium:

Answer 2

(plural, antheridia) In plants, a structure in which sperm are produced

Question 3

 Archegonium:

Answer 3

The flask-shaped structure in which bryophyte eggs form

Question 4

 Gynoecium

Answer 4

The female part of a flower, it is the innermost whorl of a flower consisting of one/more pistils

Question 5

 Heterosporous

Answer 5

Producing 2 types of spores, “male” microspores and “female” megaspores

Question 6

 Homosporous:

Answer 6

producing only one type of spore

Question 7

 Gymnosperm:

Answer 7

A seed plant that produces “naked” seeds not enclosed in an ovary. Ovule exposed to atmosphere (cone bearing plants)

Question 8

 Angiosperm

Answer 8

A flowering plant. Its egg-containing ovules mature into seeds within protected chambers called ovaries. Ovules enclosed in sporophyte tissue ( carpels and ovaries- flowering plants)

Question 9

 Gametophyte:

Answer 9

In organisms which alternation of generations occurs, notably plants and green algae, the multicellular haploid generation that produces gametes

Question 10

 Sporophyte:

Answer 10

An individual of the diploid generation produced through fertilisation in organisms that undergo alternation of generations; it produces haploid spores

Question 11

 Haploid:

Answer 11

An organism or cell with only one copy of each type of chromosome in its nuclei

Question 12

 Diploid:

Answer 12

An organism or cell with 2 copies of each type of chromosome in its nucleus

Question 13

 Spore:

Answer 13

a haploid reproductive structure, usually a single cell, that can develop into a new individual without fusing with another cell; found in plants, fungi and certain protists

Question 14

 Gamete:

Answer 14

A haploid cell, an egg or sperm. Haploid cells fuse during sexual reproduction to form a diploid zygote

Question 15

 Mitosis:

Answer 15

nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei that are exact genetic copies of the parental nucleus

Question 16

 Meiosis:

Answer 16

the division of diploid cells to haploid cells, consisting of 2 consecutive rounds of nuclear and cellular division

Question 17

 Monoecious:

Answer 17

Having both “male” flowers (which possess only stamens) and “female” flowers (which possess only carpels)

Question 18

 Megasporangia:

Answer 18

sporangia in which megaspores form and give rise to female gametophytes that produce eggs

Question 19

 Megaspore:

Answer 19

A plant spore that develops into a female gametophyte, usually larger than a microspore

Question 20

 Dioecious:

Answer 20

Having male flowers and female flowers on different plants of the same species

Question 21

 Polyphyletic taxon:

Answer 21

a group of organisms that belong to different evolutionary lineages and do not share a recent common ancestor

Question 22

 Isogametes:

Answer 22

Both have flagella. male and female gametes cannot be distinguished. Organisms which reproduce in this way are called isogamous

Question 23

 Anisogametes:

Answer 23

Both have flagella. smaller gamete=male. Large gamete= female

Question 24

 Oogametes:

Answer 24

one large, immotile gamete (no flagella) = female; and another smaller, motile gamete (has a flagella)=male

Question 25

 Fragmentation:

Answer 25

A type of vegetative reproduction in plants in which cells or a piece of the parent break off, then develop into new individuals

Question 26

Conjugation:

Answer 26

in ciliate protist, a process of sexual reproduction in which individuals of the same species temporarily couple and exchange genetic material

Question 27

 Oogonium:

Answer 27

A cell that enters meiosis and gives rise to gametes, produced by mitotic divisions of the germ-line cells in females

Question 28

 Gametangium:

Answer 28

in certain plants/fungi, a cell or organ in which gametes are produced. Provide some protection to developing embryo

Question 29

 Archegonium:

Answer 29

female gametangium

Question 30

 Antheridia:

Answer 30

male gametangium

Question 31

 Sporangium:

Answer 31

a single celled or multicellular structure in fungi and plants in which spores are produced. Fused sporangia

Question 32

 Microsporangia:

Answer 32

sporangia in which microspores form and 5 rise to male gametophytes that produce sperm

Question 33

 Microspore:

Answer 33

a plant spore from which a male gametophyte develops, usually smaller than microspore

Question 34

 Microgametophyte:

Answer 34

pollen grain

Question 35

 Rhizoid:

Answer 35

filamentous outgrowth or root hair on underside of thallus in e.g. mosses and liverworts serving both to anchor the plants (in terrestrial forms) and conduct water

Question 36

 Operculum:

Answer 36

the lid/cap that covers peristome teeth which bursts/splits open when spores mature

Question 37

 Thallus:

Answer 37

a plant body not differentiated into stems, roots, or leaves

Question 38

 Pyrenoid:

Answer 38

a protein body in chloroplasts of algae and hornworts that is involved in carbon fixation and starch formation and storage

Question 39

 Elaters:

Answer 39

cell that is hygroscopic and is always associated with spores

Question 40

 Fissures:

Answer 40

crack/split

Question 41

 Gemmae:

Answer 41

cuplike growths on thallus. Divide via mitosis to form new gametophyte

Question 42

 Megaphylls (typical leaves):

Answer 42

have multiple, branched leaf veins

Question 43

 Microphylls:

Answer 43

have a single, unbranched leaf vein

Question 44

 Nucellus:

Answer 44

macrosporangium of the seed plant

Question 45

Spermatophyte:

Answer 45

name for plants that produce seeds (angiosperms and gymnosperms)

Question 46

Sporangiophores:

Answer 46

The fertile component of the strobilus is called the sporangiophore. A receptable which bears sporangia

Question 47

 Receptable:

Answer 47

hollow “container” used to contain something

Question 48

 Whorl:

Answer 48

arrangement of sepals, petals, leaves, stipules or branches that radiate from a single point and wrap/surround around the stem

Question 49

 Dioecious:

Answer 49

separate male and female sporophyte

Question 50

 Endosperm:

Answer 50

a tissue that surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition

Question 51

 Pollination:

Answer 51

mechanical transport of pollen from anther to stigma

Question 52

 Synergid:

Answer 52

one of 2 small, short-lived nuclei lying near the egg in the mature embryo sac of a flowering plant