pastpaper animal diversity

Question 1

animal-like protists include single celled organisms which

Answer 1

• lack cell walls

- heterotrophic

Question 2

what is true about the animalia kingdom

Answer 2

animals are heterotrophic

Question 3

which morphological traits divide eumetazoa into discrete lineages that are supported by molecular evidence

Answer 3

1. body symmetry

2. embryonic developmental patterns

Question 4

choanocytes and cnydocytes are involved in…..( )….in different invertebrate lineages

Answer 4

feeding

Question 5

Hooks and suckers, but not eyespots or cillia, are present in ….( )..and…( ) and are indicative of a …..( ) life style

Answer 5

• Monogenoidea
• Cestoda
• parasitic

Question 6

which of the following phyla possess well developed excretory and respiratory systems?

a) Echinodermata, Platyhelminthes
b) Echinodermata, cnidaria
c) platyhelminthes, Cnidaria
d) mollusca, Annelida, Athropoda
e) Nematoda, Echinodermata, Cnidaria

Answer 6

MAA

mollusca, annelida, athropoda

Question 7

the endoskeleton and muscles of Eumetazoa are derived mainly from which embryonic cell layer

Answer 7

mesoderm

Question 8

which best characterise deuterostomes

Answer 8

radial, indeterminate cleavage, endocoel, blastopore come from the anus

Question 9

which of the following animal taxa shows radial symmetry, but is a member of bilateria

a) echinodermata
b) ecdysozoa
c) proferia
d) cnidaria
e) ctenophora

Answer 9

echinodermata

Question 10

An open circulatory system is found in all or most of the taxa in which of the following groups

a) Annelida, arthropoda, mollusca
b) athropoda, mollusca, nematoda
c) annelida, platyhelminthes, mollusca
d) onchophora, arthropoda, annelida
e) mollusca, onchophora, platyhelminthes

Answer 10

b) Arthropoda, mollusca, nematoda

“MAN”
mollusca, nematoda, arthropoda have open circulatory systems

Question 11

cilia, parapodia and the water vascular system are all structures involved in ……………………( )……….in different invertebrate lineages

Answer 11

locomotion

Question 12

The main functions of the exoskeleton of arthropods include (3)

Answer 12

1. protection against dehydration
2. providing points of muscle attachment
3. protection against predators

Question 13

which best describes the 3 phyla within the lineage Ecdysozoa

Answer 13

• all have strong outer body covering that is periodically shed and open circulatory systems
• but differ in respect to the type of body cavity and segmentation

Question 14

an insect whose larval and adult forms differ significantly, and which occupy different habitats and consume different food probably undergoes……..( )….metamorphosis

Answer 14

complete

Question 15

which 2 statements concerning with bilateral symmetry are true

Answer 15

1. its associated with the development of cephalization
2. it means the body can be divided into two mirror image halves, but only if cut along the midline from anterior to posterior

Question 16

which characteristic(s) are present in invertebrate Chordata, but not in hemichordata?

a) perforated pharynx
b) neural crest
c) notochord
d) complete digestive system
e) a and c

Answer 16

c) notochord

Question 17

which of the defining characters of vertebrates appeared first

Answer 17

neural crest and cranium

Question 18

which one of the following lineages contains all of the rest of the lineages in the list?

a) Gnathostomata
b) vertebrata
c) amniota
d) tetrapoda
e) myxinoidea

Answer 18

b) vertebrate

Question 19

the living (Agnathans) lineages differ from ALL other other vertebrates by not having a (2)

Answer 19

-DOESNT have true vertebrae or paired appendages for locomotion

Question 20

high swimming efficiency of modern bony fishes may best be attributed to the evolution of which of the following characteristics

Answer 20

-strong light bones, moveable fins, swim bladder and operculum

Question 21

salamanders belong to which of the following lineages

a) Caudata
b) Reptilia
c) Squamata
d) Gymnophiona
e) Anura

Answer 21

Caudata

Question 22

Birds and crocodiles

a) both have a 4 chambered heart and show parental care
b) belong to archosauria
c) both have a 3 chambered heart
d) a &b
e) b&c

Answer 22

e)

• both have a 4 chambered heart and show parental care
• belong to archosauria

Question 23

which of the following statements regarding amniote history is false
a) Early amniotes differentiated into separate lineages that differ according to the number of temporal openings and arches on the skull

b) An amniote lineage, the Diapsida, includes the dinosaurs and birds
c) an amniote lineage, the ‘Anapsida’ comprises of modified Synapsida
d) an amniote lineage, the Synapsida, includes only mammals
e) None of these statements is false

Answer 23

c) an amniote lineage, the ‘Anapsida’ comprises of modified Synapsida

IS FALSE

Question 24

tortoises are living representatives of which of the following lineages

a) Anapsida
b) Archosauria
c) lepidosauria
d) synapsida
e) none of the above

Answer 24

a) Anapsida

“tortoises like Anap thats why they lost against the hair”

Question 25

the success of amniotes can be attributed to ..........( )...... which reduced their alliance on water a) the amniote egg b) a waterproof skin c) the production of semisolid uric acid as a waste product of Nitrogen metabolism d) a&b e) a, b & c

Answer 25

e) - the amniote egg - a waterproof skin - the production of semisolid uric acid as a waste product of Nitrogen metabolism

Question 26

what characteristic best describes the 3 major groups of mammals Prototheria= Methatheria= Eutharia=

Answer 26

Prototheria=egg laying "o looks like eggs" Methatheria= embryonic development completed within pouch of mother "m for mother's pouch" Eutharia= embryonic development completed within the uterus of the mother "u for uterus"

Question 27

arrange the following animals to reflect the accepted sequence of branching a the vertebrate phylogenetic tree - lungfish - dinosaur - amphibia - birds

Answer 27

- lungfshes - amphibia - dinosaur - birds

Question 28

What trait allows researchers to distinguish between apes and humans

Answer 28

humans are bipedal, and apes are quadripedal

Question 29

molecular evidence suggests that homo sapians interbreed with...( )....when they co-occurred outside of africa

Answer 29

Homo neanderthalensis

Question 30

Annelida and mollusca are both phyla within the lineage characterised by the pressence of a trochophore larvae. discuss the characteristics that differ between them ( 5 marks)

Answer 30

"SCRMC" 1. annelida are segmented , - mollusca are not 2. -annelida have a closed circulatory system - mollusca have an open circulatory system both have 3. - Annelida breath by diffusion of O2 across their skin surface ( no respiratory system) - mollusca have gills or lungs 4. metanephridia- an excretory gland - however annelida have 2 PER segment (1 pair) - while mollusca in total only have 2 (1 pair) 5. both have extreme cephalisation - Annelida however have extra ganglia in each segment - Mollusca have extra ganglia situated in different parts of the body

Question 31

Discuss the challenges faced by the ancestor to early amphibians when they made the transition from water to land, and their preadaptations which made it possible (5 marks)

Answer 31

Challenges: 1) air provides less support for an animal's body 2) animal exposed to air lose body water by evaporation 3) sensory systems of fishes do not function well in air preadaptations: 1) strong fins for crawling through muddy bottom 2) strong vertebral column to support body 3) nostrils and olfactory receptors 4) lungs that supplement gill respiration to assist breathing in air

Question 32

Describe the main modifications to the skeletal structure of monkeys/apes that enabled bipedalism in humans and why were these necessary (5 marks)

Answer 32

work from bottom to top: 1. -stronger knee and ankle joints 2. -because each leg must alternately carry the full body weight while walking 3. thigh bones are longer 4. - this creates a longer stride which increase the speed at which you are walking 5. hip bones became shorter and wider ('think of me I have become shorter and wider") 6. -provides more support for the weight of upper body that has to be carried by the legs 7. lower spine becomes curved, shorter and more stable 8. -acts as a shock absorber while walking 9. the spine enters the skull at less of an angle than in monkeys and apes 10. -increases the stability of the head while walking (keeps it upright)