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Sabrina B144 > pastpaper animal diversity > Flashcards

pastpaper animal diversity Flashcards

1
Q

animal-like protists include single celled organisms which

A
  • lack cell walls

- heterotrophic

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2
Q

what is true about the animalia kingdom

A

animals are heterotrophic

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3
Q

which morphological traits divide eumetazoa into discrete lineages that are supported by molecular evidence

A
  1. body symmetry

2. embryonic developmental patterns

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4
Q

choanocytes and cnydocytes are involved in…..( )….in different invertebrate lineages

A

feeding

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5
Q

Hooks and suckers, but not eyespots or cillia, are present in ….( )..and…( ) and are indicative of a …..( ) life style

A
  • Monogenoidea
  • Cestoda
  • parasitic
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6
Q

which of the following phyla possess well developed excretory and respiratory systems?

a) Echinodermata, Platyhelminthes
b) Echinodermata, cnidaria
c) platyhelminthes, Cnidaria
d) mollusca, Annelida, Athropoda
e) Nematoda, Echinodermata, Cnidaria

A

MAA

mollusca, annelida, athropoda

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7
Q

the endoskeleton and muscles of Eumetazoa are derived mainly from which embryonic cell layer

A

mesoderm

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8
Q

which best characterise deuterostomes

A

radial, indeterminate cleavage, endocoel, blastopore come from the anus

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9
Q

which of the following animal taxa shows radial symmetry, but is a member of bilateria

a) echinodermata
b) ecdysozoa
c) proferia
d) cnidaria
e) ctenophora

A

echinodermata

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10
Q

An open circulatory system is found in all or most of the taxa in which of the following groups

a) Annelida, arthropoda, mollusca
b) athropoda, mollusca, nematoda
c) annelida, platyhelminthes, mollusca
d) onchophora, arthropoda, annelida
e) mollusca, onchophora, platyhelminthes

A

b) Arthropoda, mollusca, nematoda

“MAN”
mollusca, nematoda, arthropoda have open circulatory systems

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11
Q

cilia, parapodia and the water vascular system are all structures involved in ……………………( )……….in different invertebrate lineages

A

locomotion

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12
Q

The main functions of the exoskeleton of arthropods include (3)

A
  1. protection against dehydration
  2. providing points of muscle attachment
  3. protection against predators
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13
Q

which best describes the 3 phyla within the lineage Ecdysozoa

A
  • all have strong outer body covering that is periodically shed and open circulatory systems
  • but differ in respect to the type of body cavity and segmentation
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14
Q

an insect whose larval and adult forms differ significantly, and which occupy different habitats and consume different food probably undergoes……..( )….metamorphosis

A

complete

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15
Q

which 2 statements concerning with bilateral symmetry are true

A
  1. its associated with the development of cephalization
  2. it means the body can be divided into two mirror image halves, but only if cut along the midline from anterior to posterior
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16
Q

which characteristic(s) are present in invertebrate Chordata, but not in hemichordata?

a) perforated pharynx
b) neural crest
c) notochord
d) complete digestive system
e) a and c

A

c) notochord

17
Q

which of the defining characters of vertebrates appeared first

A

neural crest and cranium

18
Q

which one of the following lineages contains all of the rest of the lineages in the list?

a) Gnathostomata
b) vertebrata
c) amniota
d) tetrapoda
e) myxinoidea

A

b) vertebrate

19
Q

the living (Agnathans) lineages differ from ALL other other vertebrates by not having a (2)

A

-DOESNT have true vertebrae or paired appendages for locomotion

20
Q

high swimming efficiency of modern bony fishes may best be attributed to the evolution of which of the following characteristics

A

-strong light bones, moveable fins, swim bladder and operculum

21
Q

salamanders belong to which of the following lineages

a) Caudata
b) Reptilia
c) Squamata
d) Gymnophiona
e) Anura

A

Caudata

22
Q

Birds and crocodiles

a) both have a 4 chambered heart and show parental care
b) belong to archosauria
c) both have a 3 chambered heart
d) a &b
e) b&c

A

e)

  • both have a 4 chambered heart and show parental care
  • belong to archosauria
23
Q

which of the following statements regarding amniote history is false
a) Early amniotes differentiated into separate lineages that differ according to the number of temporal openings and arches on the skull

b) An amniote lineage, the Diapsida, includes the dinosaurs and birds
c) an amniote lineage, the ‘Anapsida’ comprises of modified Synapsida
d) an amniote lineage, the Synapsida, includes only mammals
e) None of these statements is false

A

c) an amniote lineage, the ‘Anapsida’ comprises of modified Synapsida

IS FALSE

24
Q

tortoises are living representatives of which of the following lineages

a) Anapsida
b) Archosauria
c) lepidosauria
d) synapsida
e) none of the above

A

a) Anapsida

“tortoises like Anap thats why they lost against the hair”

25
Q

the success of amniotes can be attributed to ……….( )…… which reduced their alliance on water

a) the amniote egg
b) a waterproof skin
c) the production of semisolid uric acid as a waste product of Nitrogen metabolism
d) a&b
e) a, b & c

A

e)

  • the amniote egg
  • a waterproof skin
  • the production of semisolid uric acid as a waste product of Nitrogen metabolism
26
Q

what characteristic best describes the 3 major groups of mammals
Prototheria=
Methatheria=
Eutharia=

A

Prototheria=egg laying “o looks like eggs”

Methatheria= embryonic development completed within pouch of mother “m for mother’s pouch”

Eutharia= embryonic development completed within the uterus of the mother “u for uterus”

27
Q

arrange the following animals to reflect the accepted sequence of branching a the vertebrate phylogenetic tree

  • lungfish
  • dinosaur
  • amphibia
  • birds
A
  • lungfshes
  • amphibia
  • dinosaur
  • birds
28
Q

What trait allows researchers to distinguish between apes and humans

A

humans are bipedal, and apes are quadripedal

29
Q

molecular evidence suggests that homo sapians interbreed with…( )….when they co-occurred outside of africa

A

Homo neanderthalensis

30
Q

Annelida and mollusca are both phyla within the lineage characterised by the pressence of a trochophore larvae.
discuss the characteristics that differ between them ( 5 marks)

A

“SCRMC”

  1. annelida are segmented ,
    - mollusca are not
  2. -annelida have a closed circulatory system
    - mollusca have an open circulatory system both have
    • Annelida breath by diffusion of O2 across their skin surface ( no respiratory system)
      - mollusca have gills or lungs
  4. metanephridia- an excretory gland
    - however annelida have 2 PER segment (1 pair)
    - while mollusca in total only have 2 (1 pair)
  5. both have extreme cephalisation
    - Annelida however have extra ganglia in each segment
    - Mollusca have extra ganglia situated in different parts of the body
31
Q

Discuss the challenges faced by the ancestor to early amphibians when they made the transition from water to land, and their preadaptations which made it possible (5 marks)

A

Challenges:

1) air provides less support for an animal’s body
2) animal exposed to air lose body water by evaporation
3) sensory systems of fishes do not function well in air

preadaptations:

1) strong fins for crawling through muddy bottom
2) strong vertebral column to support body
3) nostrils and olfactory receptors
4) lungs that supplement gill respiration to assist breathing in air

32
Q

Describe the main modifications to the skeletal structure of monkeys/apes that enabled bipedalism in humans and why were these necessary
(5 marks)

A

work from bottom to top:

  1. -stronger knee and ankle joints
  2. -because each leg must alternately carry the full body weight while walking
  3. thigh bones are longer
    • this creates a longer stride which increase the speed at which you are walking
  5. hip bones became shorter and wider (‘think of me I have become shorter and wider”)
  6. -provides more support for the weight of upper body that has to be carried by the legs
  7. lower spine becomes curved, shorter and more stable
  8. -acts as a shock absorber while walking
  9. the spine enters the skull at less of an angle than in monkeys and apes
  10. -increases the stability of the head while walking (keeps it upright)

Sabrina B144 (17 decks)

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