plant breeding

Question 1

mutation examples

Answer 1

mutant wheat- enhanced nitrogen use efficiency
hgh yielding pest reistance soybean variety-profitability
mutatnt tomato with increased selflife
**mutant maize **- increased photosynthetic efficiency
**mutant grapevine **resistance to powdery mildew
mutant rose with unique colors
**mutant cassava ** high nutritional content
eg
1. shabarmati sonora mutant wheat- improved bread making quality
2. rio red grapefruit varirty deep flesh color
3. Golden Promise Barley:mutant barley with improved maltin quality

Question 2

male striity

Answer 2

1. GMS IN MAIZE msgenes
2. CMS IN RICE wild abort typr
3. CGMS IN SUNFLOWER pet1cytoplasm
4. TGMS RICE-pei ai 64s-high temperatur sterile
5. PGMS RICE-nongkhen58s- longday sterile
6. chemically induced-wheat using ethral or sodium methyl arsenate
7. transgenic-Barnase/Barstar System in Brassica napus (Canola)

Question 3

ways to overcome selfincompatibility

Answer 3

1. bud pollinaton- apples and pears
2. mixed pollination- cabbage
3. artificial pollination-alfalfa
4. invitro pollination-orchids and fruit crops
5. transgenic modifiction-tobacco successs
6. chemical treatment -calcium chloride
7. grafting-cherry
   8.

Question 4

gametophytic self incompatiblity

Answer 4

apple
tomato

Question 5

sporophytic self incomm

Answer 5

sunflower
cabbage

Question 6

DNA Fingerprinting

Answer 6

also known as DNA profiling, is a molecular technique used to identify and evaluate the genetic makeup of an individual organism by analyzing specific regions of their DNA.

Question 7

dna fingerprinting

Answer 7

variety identification and authentification
genetic diversity verifcation and conservation programs
marker assisted selection in breeding programs
hybrid seed production
tracabiity and food safety
parental tracking
disease resistnace

Question 8

Molecular markers

Answer 8

are fragments of DNA that are associated with a particular location within the genome and can be used to identify individuals or species, as well as to associate genetic variation with traits of interest.

Question 9

soatic hybridiztaion

Answer 9

1. potato-s.tuberosum*s.bulbocastanum-late blight resistance
2. rice-oryza sativa*o.officinalis-salinity and stress tolerance
3. tomato-s.lycopersicum*wild relative-increased vitamin and minerls
4. citrus-seed lessness*disease resistance-improved yield

Question 10

embryo rescue technique

Answer 10

plant tissue culture technique used to save and grow embryos from seeds that might not otherwise develop to maturity