Plant Biology Flashcards
The final stage of plant reproduction is what
The production of a seed
What does the seed contain
All the information needed in order for a new plant to grow
When the conditions are just right the seeds will begin to grow in a process called
Germination
What does germination involve
“the breaking open of the seed coat and the development of structures that will eventually become the stem and root of the plant.
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Mineral requirements of plants:
Plants, like animals need what to grow and stay healthy
Vitamins and minerals
Mineral requirements of plants:
They need calcium (Ca) for what
To build cell walls
Mineral requirements of plants:
Magnesium (mg) for what
Chlorophyll formation
Mineral requirements of plants:
Nitrogen (n) for what
Amino acid and protein formation
Mineral requirements of plants:
No nitrogen will lead to what
Yellow/green leaves and a weak stem
Mineral requirements of plants:
No potassium will lead to what
Poor flower and fruit growth
Mineral requirements of plants:
No phosphorus will lead to what
Purple leaves and poor root growth
Mineral requirements of plants:
No magnesium will lead to what
Leaves turn yellow from bottom upwards
Plant roots are covered in what which take in what
Root hair cells which take in minerals and water from the soil
Root hairs greatly increase what, so what benefit does that
“the surface area of the root so that the maximum amount of water and minerals can be absorbed.
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Excerpt“the surface area of the root so that the maximum amount of water and minerals can be absorbed.
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What else do the root hairs do
To anchor the plant in the soil
Leaf structure:
Green plants do what
“Green plants trap the energy from sunlight and use the raw materials of carbon dioxide and water to produce the products glucose and oxygen.
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Leaf structure:
What was that process called
Photosynthesis
Leaf structure:
Photosynthesis can be represented by what
This word equation…
Light
CarbonDioxide+water——-> glucose+oxygen
Chlorophyll
The structure and role of different leaf layers:
Structure-epidermis
Role- protects leaf, stops bacteria and viruses entering the leaf
The structure and role of different leaf layers:
Structure-palisade mesophyll
Role - most photosynthesis occurs here, cells packed with chloroplasts
The structure and role of different leaf layers:
Structure- spongy mesophyll
Role - some photosynthesis occurs here, less chloroplasts than palisade, allows easy movement of gases
The structure and role of different leaf layers:
Structure- vein
Role - carries water in xylem, food in phloem
The structure and role of different leaf layers:
Structure- guard cells
Role- increase and decrease in size to control size of the stomata
The structure and role of different leaf layers:
Structure- stomata
Role - small pores, allows gases in and out of leaf and how water is lost from the leaf. There are more stomata on the lower surface of the leaf
During the day plants carry out what
Photosynthesis and respiration
What do plants do at night
At night plants only respire as there is no light for photosynthesis
Why is respiration essential to plants
“because it is the process by which ENERGY is released from the glucose produced during photosynthesis.
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Respiration word equation
Glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water + energy
At night why does respiration only occur
Because there isn’t any light for photosynthesis to occur but the plant also needs to respire to survive
At midday when the light intensity is high, the rate of photosynthesis is faster than the rate of respiration but why
Because there is more light, for more photosynthesis therefore more growth
At dawn and dusk the rate of respiration and photosynthesis are equal but why
There’s an equal amount of light as there is not light (little sunlight for some photosynthesis to occur. Respiration is constant
