Plant/animal Organelles

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

Contains the DNA which codes for protein synthesis

Question 2

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 2

Separates the DNA from the cytoplasm

Question 3

What is the function of the nuclear pore?

Answer 3

Allows the transport of mRNA out of the nucleus

Question 4

What is the function of the nucleolus

Answer 4

Synthesises rRNA and ribosomes

Question 5

What is the structure and function of ribosomes

Answer 5

Structure: can be free or attached to the RER
Function: protein synthesis

Question 6

What is the structure and function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Answer 6

Structure: system of flattened sacs (cisternae) continuous with the nuclear membrane and has ribosomes attached
Function: transports proteins that are synthesised by the attached ribosomes

Question 7

What is structure and function of smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Answer 7

Structure: has no ribosomes attached
Function: the synthesis and transport of lipids

Question 8

What is the structure and function of the Golgi body?

Answer 8

Structure: similar to ER however it is more compact.
- Surrounded by vesicles
Function: chemically modifies proteins, produces lysosomes, produces glycoproteins, packages proteins for secretion out of cell

Question 9

What is structure and function of mitochondria

Answer 9

Structure: rod shaped and has double membrane, inner membrane is folded
Function: site of aerobic respiration which synthesis ATP

Question 10

Structure and function of vesicles in animals?

Answer 10

Structure: small membrane bound organelles
Function: act as contractile vacuole to maintain osmotic pressure

Question 11

Structure and function of vacuoles in plants?

Answer 11

Structure: large membrane bound organelle surrounded by a tonoplast
Function: storage of ions and organic molecules e.g. proteins.
- maintains osmotic pressure

Question 12

What is structure and function of centrioles?

Answer 12

Structure: consists of two hollow cylinders positioned at right angles to each other
Function: used in spindle formation (to form microtubles) in cell division

Question 13

What is the structure function of lysosomes?

Answer 13

Structure: small vacuoles formed when small portions of the Golgi body are pinched off
Function: - contain and isolate hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes
- can release these enzymes and destroy organelles/cells/toxins

Question 14

What is the structure and function of the chloroplast?

Answer 14

Structure: disc shaped, double membrane
Function: site of photosynthesis

Question 15

What is the structure and function of the cellulose cell wall?

Answer 15

Structure: made of cellulose microfibrils in a polysaccharide matrix
Function: to provide strength and support

Question 16

What is the structure and function of the plasmodesmata?

Answer 16

Structure: narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through cell wall of adjacent plant cells.
Function: exchange of large organic materials via cytoplasmic streaming
- allows communication between adjacent cells