Plant & Animal Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell theory states:

A

-All living things are made up of one or more cells and their products

-The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes

-All cells come from other cells, can’t come from non-living matter

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2
Q

Prokaryotes:

A

-The simplest organisms are archaea and bacteria

-Single celled life forms

-do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

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3
Q

Eukayotes:

A

-More complex cells can exist as single-celled organisms or multicellular organisms

-Have a more complex internal organization

-Contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

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4
Q

Organelles:

A

-All cells have to perform the same basic activities to stay alive

-Each organelle has a specific function in the cell, the various organelles work together to meet the needs of the cell

-Cell membrane
-Centriole
-Cytoplasm
-Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Golgi Bodies
-Lysosome
-Mitochondria
-Nucleus
-Ribosome
-Vacuoles
-Cell Wall (Plant)
-Chloroplasts (Plant)
-Vacuole (Plant)

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5
Q

Cytoplasm:

A

-All organelles inside the cell are suspended in cytoplasm

-Mainly water, but contains other substances that the cell stores until needed

-Chemical reactions take place here

-Can change from jelly-like to liquid, allowing organelles to move around

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6
Q

Cell Membrane:

A

-Flexible double layer that surrounds the cell

-Supports the cell and allows some substances to enter while keeping others out

-Water and oxygen can easily pass through

-Larger molecules (proteins) can’t pass through easily

-Semi-permeable

-Similar membrane surrounds organelles in Eukaryotic cells

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7
Q

Nucleus:

A

-Spherical structure in cell

-Contains the genetic information that controls all cell activities

-This genetic information is stored on chromosomes

-Chromosomes contain DNA

-DNA contains the coded instructions for all cell activities

-When a cell divides the DNA is copied so every new cell has a complete set of DNA

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8
Q

Mitochondria:

A

-Cells contain many

-Called “power plants” because they make energy available to the cell

-Active cells (muscles) have more mitochondria than less active cells (fat-storing cells)

-Provides energy through a process called cellular respiration

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9
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum:

A

-3D network of branching tubes and pockets

-extends through the cytoplasm and is continuous from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane

-The fluid filled tubes transport materials (proteins) through the cell

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10
Q

Golgi Bodies:

A

-Collect and package materials to be moved from the cell

-Make and secrete mucus

-Cells that create a lot of mucus have more golgi bodies

-Can be found in the lining of the intestines

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11
Q

Vacuole:

A

-Compartment for storing substances that is surrounded by a membrane

-Single layer membrane sac enclosing fluid

-Function varies according to type of cell it’s found in

-Can contain substances, removing unwanted substances from the cell, maintaining internal fluid pressure within cell (turgor pressure)

-Animal cells have many small vacuoles

-Plant cells have one central vacuole

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12
Q

Ribosome:

A

-Builds proteins, essential for cell function by linking amino acids together

-Found floating in cytoplasm or attached to ER

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13
Q

Lysosome:

A

-Membrane bound sacs filled with enzymes

-Break down complex proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and other macromolecules into simpler compounds

-Simple compounds returned to cytoplasm to be re-used

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14
Q

Centriole:

A

-Pair of cylindrical organelles that play an important role in cell division for animal cells

-Help in the formation of spindle fibers, separate chromosomes during cell division

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15
Q

Cell Wall:

A

-Rigid/porous structure made of cellulose (outside of cell membrane)

-Provides support and protection from injury

-Plant cells usually have one large vacuole for storing water, takes up most of the space in the cell

-When full of water, turgor pressure keeps leaves and stem firm (if water level drops so do they)

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16
Q

Chloroplast:

A

-Contain chlorophyll (gives leaves green colour)

-Absorb light energy used for photosynthesis to make own food (glucose)

17
Q

Specific to plant cells:

A

-Cell wall
-Vacuole*
-Chloroplasts

18
Q

Photosynthesis:

A

-Plant cells make own food through photosynthesis

-Use light energy absorbed by chloroplasts to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen

-Process stores as glucose for later

-When plant cells need to use energy they still rely on the mitochondria to release the stored energy through cellular respiration just like animal cells

-Occurs in the chloroplasts of the cell

19
Q

Cellular respiration:

A

-Cells store energy as a form of glucose

-Releases energy by converting the stored energy in glucose into an easily usable form of energy

-Requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water as waste products

-Takes place in the mitochondria of both plants and animals