Circulatory system Flashcards
Overview:
-made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels
-to transport substances around the body
-moves oxygen and other nutrients to all the cells in the body
Function:
-Pick up oxygen from lungs
-Move nutrients absorbed from intestines
-Deliver nutrients and oxygen to active cells in body
-Carry waste from body tissues for disposal (carbon dioxide to lungs, other waste to kidneys)
-Regulate body temperature
-Transport of disease-fighting white blood cells to treat infection
Circulation:
-heart pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide
-Oxygenated blood returns to heart from the lungs
-Heart pumps oxygenated blood to tissues to deliver oxygen and pick up carbon dioxide
-Deoxygenated blood returns to heart from the body
heart
-Made of 3 types of tissue: cardiac muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and connective tissue
-Cardiac muscle is a special type of muscle found only in heart
-All of the cardiac muscle in each part of the heart contracts at same time to move blood around the body
-The heart pumps blood to a regular beat
-frequency can change based on different factors
Heart tissue:
-Muscles and nerves are covered by epithelial tissue
-reduces friction and protects the heart
-inner surface is also lined with epithelial tissue to let the blood flow freely
-Hardening or roughening of the tissue can lead to health problems
Chambers:
-4 chambers
-2 upper chambers receive blood (atrium)
-2 lower chambers pump blood out (ventricles)
heart valves
-act like gates to make sure that blood only flows in the right direction
Blood
-type of connective tissue that circulates throughout the body
-four components:
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
- Plasma
red blood cells
-make up about half the bloods volume
-contain protein called hemoglobyn
-protein transports oxygen and what makes blood appear
-do not have a nucleus
white blood cells
infection-fighting cells
-recognize and destroy invading pathogens
-Less than 1% of blood’s volume
-only blood cells with nucleus
platelets
tiny cells that play a role in blood clotting
-Less than 1% of the blood’s volume
plasma
-protein rich liquid that carries blood cells around
-makes up over half bloods volume
blood vessels
-network of tubes throughout the body
3 types:
-arteries
-veins
-capillaries
arteries
-carry blood away from heart
-blood is under great pressure
-walls are thick
veins
-carry blood towards heart
-lower pressure, thinner walls
-valves to ensure one way blood flow
arteries and veins
largest blood vessels are nearest to heart
-get smaller and more numerous further from heart
capillaries
-tiny blood vessels with very thin walls
-allow substances to diffuse between blood and other body fluids/tissues
-oxygen and nutrients diffuse
-wastes pass from tissues into blood
-every part of the body is supplied with blood by cappilaries
diseases
coronary artery disease
heart attack
Coronary Artery Disease
-Coronary arteries are the blood vessels that provide blood to the heart muscle tissue
-arteries can become partially blocked by plaque
-plaque - deposit made of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances that normally circulate in the blood
-can occur because of genetics or poor lifestyle choices; high fat diet, smoking, lack of exercise
-diagnosed by pecial X-ray called angiogram, where fluorescent dye is injected into bloodstream
heart attack
-Coronary arteries can become completely blocked; plaque or a blood clot
-Heart muscle cells don’t receive oxygen and nutrients, so heart tissue cells die, and heart stops pumping
-Diagnosed with a blood test and electrocardiogram
-Electrocardiogram measures electrical signals created by heart beat
-Damaged heart muscle tissue has different electrical signals
Defibrillators
-send a small, controlled electric shock to help restore a normal heartbeat
-Can be used to correct an uneven heartbeat or help restart a heart that has stopped beating
-(AEDs) can be found in public spaces (like schools) and used in an emergency
-AEDs have voice prompts and step-by-step instructions so anyone can use them
