Plant And Animal Cell Organelle Roles Terms Flashcards
Cell membrane:
A thin membrane that forms the outer surface of a cell.
Cell wall:
A rigid, transparent outer covering of a plant cell, made up of cellulose and other materials, and surround the cell membrane.
Centriole:
Hollow, cylindrical organelle which forms spindle fibers to separate chromosomes during cell division.
Chloroplast:
An organelle that contains a green chemical called chlorophyll, and is the site of photosynthesis
Cytoplasm:
A semi-fluid medium between the nucleus and the cell membrane.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid):
A double stranded molecule that is in all living cells, and is the genetic material organisms inherit from their parents.
Endoplasmic reticulum:
The endoplasmic reticulum is a transport system.
The ER modifies proteins, makes macromolecules, and transfers substances throughout the cell. It is also the site for membrane manufacturing.
Golgi complex:
An organelle that stacks, ships, and packages products which come from the endoplasmic reticulum (i.e. proteins).
Lysosome:
An organelle that contains digestive enzymes which break down macromolecules. They are built in the golgi complex.
Mitochondria:
An organelle where most of the cell’s energy is made.
Nucleus:
The control center of a cell that contains DNA inside a delicate membrane.
Peroxisome:
An organelle that contains enzymes that function to rid the body of toxic substances, such as hydrogen peroxide. Unlike lysosomes, peroxisomes self-replicate by dividing. High numbers of peroxisomes can be found in the liver.
Ribosome:
Main site for protein synthesis
RNA (ribonucleic acid):
Similar to DNA, RNA is single stranded and found outside the nucleus. It delivers the message for protein synthesis.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum:
The endoplasmic reticulum to which ribosomes are attached. The attached ribosomes make it appear bumpy.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum specializes in protein synthesis
