Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is the purpose for the phosphorylation of glucose (three hypotheses)?
Glycolysis and transition Zone
Glycolysis involves the breaking of sugar molecules to release energy that is required for cellular metabolism.
Transition from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria to continued to produce ATP through aerobic respiration
Krebs cycle (citric Acid Cycle)
The main purpose of the Krebs Cycle is to load H atoms (with their energy rich electrons) onto hydrogen carriers (NAD and FAD) and transport them to the ETC (electron transport chain). Eventually the energy released from these energized electrons will be used to produce ATP.
Oxidative phosphorylation
To transfer electrons which creates ATP
Give an example of activation energy from glycolysis.
When you push a rock up a hill it uses energy but once you push it down the hill it will roll on its own
What is a coupled reaction? Give an example from anywhere in cellular respiration.
The phrase “couple reactions” refers to 2 reactions that occur almost simultaneously because of an exchange of energy. The exergonic reaction provides the energy for the endergonic reaction.
An oxidation – phosphorylation reaction: 2 hydrogen atoms are removed (exergonic) from the PGAL, which releases energy and a Pi is attached (endergonic).
An oxidation – reduction reaction: the same 2 hydrogen atoms that were removed (exergonic) from the PGAL provide energy for their attachment to the NAD (endergonic) creating NADH.
What is the role of the hydrogen carriers? Name the 2 hydrogen carriers.
NAD and FAD are H carriers 🡪 their job is to transport H to the area where oxidative phosphorylation will occur
What occurs in the area of high transfer potential?
it goes into the area of less potential to bring balance to the force
In what ways is the transition zone truly a transition zone?
Transition from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria to continued to produce ATP through aerobic respiration
What are the three outcomes of pyruvic acid?
Ethyl Alcohol Fermentation
Lactic Acid fermentation
Glycolysis
What is the difference between NAD and FAD?
The difference between NAD and FAD is that the bond between the H’s and the NAD’s are stronger than the bonds between the H’s and the FAD’s.
Therefore, when the bonds that hold the NAD and H together are broken more energy is released than when the bonds holding the FAD and the H together are broken.
What is the ETC?
The Electron Transport Chain:
(a) A series of progressively stronger electron acceptors. Each time an electron is transferred, energy is released.
At each step of the zigzag path the electrons release energy and by the end they are almost completely depleted of energy since most has been released as heat (64%) or used to bind Pi to ADP to form ATP (36%)
The energy depleted electrons bind with oxygen (a strong electron acceptor) and hydrogen ions to produce water.
