Cytology Glossary Terms

Question 1

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 1

Do not contain a nucleus or any organelles other than ribosomes.

Question 2

Osmosis

Answer 2

The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute
concentration.

Question 3

Equilibrium

Answer 3

When there is no net change or when all acting influences are
canceled by opposing forces, resulting in a stable system.

Question 4

Isotonic

Answer 4

When the solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell.

Question 5

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 5

Contain a nucleus and organelles.

Question 6

Diffusion

Answer 6

Molecules moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

Question 7

Pinocytosis

Answer 7

When a cell engulfs an amount of fluid and stores it in vesicles.

Question 8

Glycoproteins

Answer 8

These proteins have sugars attached to them.

Question 9

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 9

When a solution contains lots of solutes in comparison to the inside of
a cell, and as a result, water moves out of the cell and causes the cell
to shrink.

Question 10

HeLa Cells

Answer 10

Human epithelial cells of a strain maintained in tissue culture since
1951 and used in research, especially in virology.

Question 11

Integral Proteins

Answer 11

Proteins that span the phospholipid bilayer.

Question 12

Phagocytosis

Answer 12

When a cell engulfs a solid particle.

Question 13

Cell Line

Answer 13

A cell culture developed from a single cell and therefore consisting of
cells with a uniform genetic makeup.

Question 14

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 14

When a solution contains very few solutes compared to the inside of a
cell, and as a result, water rushes into the cell causing it to burst.

Question 15

Brownian Motion

Answer 15

Is the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid resulting from
the collision of molecules in the gas or liquid.

Question 16

Henrietta Lacks

Answer 16

TheAfrican Americanwoman whose cancer cells were the source of
theHeLacell line, the firstimmortalized cell lineand one of the most
important cell lines in medical research.

Question 17

Peripheral Proteins

Answer 17

These proteins are found on the exterior of the phospholipid bilayer.

Question 18

Passive Transport

Answer 18

Solutes travel through pores in a lipid bilayer and down a
concentration gradient with no energy input required.

Question 19

Peptidoglycan

Answer 19

A polymer that is composed of polysaccharide and peptide chains and
is found especially in bacterial cell walls.

Question 20

Active Transport

Answer 20

Requires a protein to help the solute travel against a concentration
gradient with the use of ATP.

Question 21

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 21

Requires a protein to help the solute travel down a concentration

gradient. No energy input is required.

Question 22

Cellulose

Answer 22

A complex carbohydrate that forms the main constituent of the cell
wall in most plants.