Cytology Glossary Terms Flashcards
Prokaryotic Cells
Do not contain a nucleus or any organelles other than ribosomes.
Osmosis
The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute
concentration.
Equilibrium
When there is no net change or when all acting influences are
canceled by opposing forces, resulting in a stable system.
Isotonic
When the solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell.
Eukaryotic Cells
Contain a nucleus and organelles.
Diffusion
Molecules moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
Pinocytosis
When a cell engulfs an amount of fluid and stores it in vesicles.
Glycoproteins
These proteins have sugars attached to them.
Hypertonic Solution
When a solution contains lots of solutes in comparison to the inside of
a cell, and as a result, water moves out of the cell and causes the cell
to shrink.
HeLa Cells
Human epithelial cells of a strain maintained in tissue culture since
1951 and used in research, especially in virology.
Integral Proteins
Proteins that span the phospholipid bilayer.
Phagocytosis
When a cell engulfs a solid particle.
Cell Line
A cell culture developed from a single cell and therefore consisting of
cells with a uniform genetic makeup.
Hypotonic Solution
When a solution contains very few solutes compared to the inside of a
cell, and as a result, water rushes into the cell causing it to burst.
Brownian Motion
Is the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid resulting from
the collision of molecules in the gas or liquid.
Henrietta Lacks
TheAfrican Americanwoman whose cancer cells were the source of
theHeLacell line, the firstimmortalized cell lineand one of the most
important cell lines in medical research.
Peripheral Proteins
These proteins are found on the exterior of the phospholipid bilayer.
Passive Transport
Solutes travel through pores in a lipid bilayer and down a
concentration gradient with no energy input required.
Peptidoglycan
A polymer that is composed of polysaccharide and peptide chains and
is found especially in bacterial cell walls.
Active Transport
Requires a protein to help the solute travel against a concentration
gradient with the use of ATP.
Facilitated Diffusion
Requires a protein to help the solute travel down a concentration
gradient. No energy input is required.
Cellulose
A complex carbohydrate that forms the main constituent of the cell
wall in most plants.
