Plant and Animal Breeding Flashcards
What are breeding programmes?
These allow desirable features to be bred into plants or animals.
What is inbreeding?
This involves breeding selected related plants or animals are bred for several generations until the population breeds true to the desired type due to the elimination of heterozygotes.
What does inbreeding result in?
A result of inbreeding can be an increase
in the frequency of individuals who are
homozygous for recessive deleterious
alleles. These individuals will do less well
at surviving to reproduce. This results in
inbreeding depression.
What is cross breeding?
Individuals from different
breeds may produce a new crossbreed
population with improved characteristics.
What is hybrid vigour?
F1 generation usually show hybrid vigour as they combine qualities of their parents.
Plants with increased vigour may have
increased disease resistance or increased
growth rate.
Why are F1 hybrids not usually bred together?
The F2 produced shows too much
variation.
What are field trials?
These are controlled experiments to compare plots of different varieties of crop or how they respond to different treatments?
What are the factors in field trials?
Take replicates.
Selection of treatment e.g. same size of plot.
Randomisation of treatments.
Repeat in other environments.
What is the reason for taking replicates?
To take account of variation within samples.
What is the reason for selection of treatments?
To ensure fair comparison.
What is the reason for randomisation of treatments?
Eliminates bias from the environment.
What is the reason for repeating in other environments?
Increases reliability.
