Plant Flashcards
Flowering Plants
Consist of a shoot and a root.
The shoot
Consists of the stem, leaves, buds and flowers.
The root
Anchors the plant, absorbs water and minerals from the soil and stores food made in the leaves.
The stem
Supports the leaves and flowers and allows for the transport of materials up and down the plant.
The leaf
makes food, loses water vapor and exchanges the gases carbon dioxide and oxygen with the air.
The flower
Is for reproduction, it forms the seeds.
Plants are identified
By their flowers and leaves
Photosynthesis
The process by which green plants make food. It’s carried in all the green parts of the plant - especially the leaves.
Chlorophyll
The green chemical needed for photosynthesis found in the chloroplasts of plant cells. It traps lights energy and uses it to combine carbon dioxide and water to form glucose and oxygen.
Glucose
Travels around the plant in special cells called phloem.
Leaves
Are specially designed for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide, water, light and chlorophyll
Are needed for photosynthesis to occur
Carbon dioxide
Enters the leaf from the air
Water
Is absorbed from the soil through the roots
Boiling
Kills cells and softens the leaf
Methylated spirit
Removes chlorophyll from the leaf
Rinsed
To soften it
Iodine
To test the leaf for the presence of starch
Xylem vessels
Where water and vessels move up through the plant.
Transpiration
The loss of water vapor from the leaves of a plant.
Stomata
Little holes underneath leafs where water leaves the plant.
Transpiration provides
Water for photosynthesis, carries minerals in the water and cools the plant.
Phloem
Where food is transported from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
Tropism
The growth of a plant in response to a stimulus
Phototropism
Is a plants growth response to gravity.
Plant stems
Grow towards the light, allowing their leaves to get light.
Geotropism
A plants growth response to gravity.
Plant roots
Grow towards the source of gravity, allowing them to get water
Plants reproduce sexually
By means of flowers
Petals
Are coloured and scented to attract insects.
The sepal
Protects the flower before it blooms
The male part (stamen)
Consists of the anther and filament.
The female part (carpel)
Consists of the stigma, style and ovary
Pollen
Made in the anther of the stamen
The egg
Made in the ovary of the carpel
Pollination
The transfer of pollen from anther to stigma. Plants are pollinated by either insects or wind.
Fertilisation
Is the fusion of the pollen nucleus with the egg nucleus to form a zygote
A seed
A fertilised ovule
The ovary wall
Becomes the fruit
Seeds are dispersed to
Avoid competition and are dispersed by animal, wind, self-dispersal or water
Animal dispersal
The bird dispersed the seeds
Wind dispersal
Of dandelion seeds
Self dispersal
Pea pods explode
Water dispersal
Seeds float away
Germination
The growth of a seed into a new plant
Seed germination
Necessary to form a new plant.
The seed consists of
the testa (seed coat), the food supply, the plumule (young shoot) and the radicle (young root)
Water, oxygen and heat
Are needed for germination
Asexual reproduction
Involves only one parent
A geranium
Can reproduce asexually by using leaf cuttings, a cut geranium leaf placed in the soil will grow into a new plant
Other examples of asexual reproduction include
Tulip and daffodil bulbs, strawberry runners
Air, water and soil temperatures
Are taken using a thermometer
Light intensity in the habitat
Is measured using a light meter
Equipment used for collecting animals
Pooter, a net, a beating tray and a pitfall trap
A quadrat
Used to estimate plant numbers.
Line transect
Used to show changes in plant numbers across a boundary in the habitat.
Simple keys
A set of simple questions which are asked about the organism you’re trying to identify.
