Human Reproduction Flashcards
Ovaries
Store and release eggs
Fallopian tube
Carry the egg to the uterus, fertilisation occurs here
Uterus
Is where the fertilised egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment
Cervix
Leads from the vagina to the uterus
Vagina
Holds the penis during sexual intercourse, forms birth canal during birth
Gamete
Is a sex cell
The male gamete
Is a sperm
The female gamete
Is an egg
The testes
Produce sperm
Sperm duct brings
The sperm from the testes to the penis
Penis
Enters the female and ejaculates semen
Ovulation
An egg is released from ovary an average every 28 days
Menstration
The lining and a small amount of blood pass out through the vagina
Fertile period
These are the days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant.
Puberty
Describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature
Copulation
Is another name for sexual intercourse
Fertilisation
The fusing of the gametes to form a zygote
Zygote
Egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell
Embryo
Division of the zygote occurs and it grows. Attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation)
Foetus
After 8 weeks looks like a human
Implantation
Occurs when the fertilised egg lodges itself on the lining of the uterus
Pregnancy
40 Weeks
Amniotic fluid
As the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid
Umbilical cord
A tube joining the embryo to the placenta
Placenta
Rich in blood vessels, food, oxygen, wastes and carbon dioxide are swapped between the mother and baby. Blood does not mix
Family planning
To control the number of children you have, you need to control the number of times fertilisation takes place
Natural methods of contraception
Aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid intercourse during the fertile period
Artificial methods of contraception
Prevent the sperm and egg meeting
Abstain
It is important to realise no method is 100% reliable, to abstain from sex (to not have sexual intercourse) is the only way to avoid pregnancy
Condoms
Can prevent pregnancy, the spread of STD’s or STI’s e.g. Syphilis, HV (AIDS), chlamydia
Responsible attitude to sexual intercourse
Could use condoms and another form of contraception e.g. the pill to prevent pregnancy and spread of disease
A woman is most likely to become pregnant during the middle of her menstrual cycle
That is when the egg is released
Sperm are not formed if the testes are located inside the male body
The sperm needs to be cooler of form properly
During pregnancy the woman does not have a period
The lining of the womb acts to nest the baby, and stays inside
A baby in the womb does not breathe through its lungs
Oxygen is passed through the placenta and umbilical cord
If a pregnant woman smokes or drinks her baby may be harmed
Everything that the mother eats etc. Goes into the placenta.
Breast fed babies tend to get fewer infections than bottle fed babies
Will be used to their mothers immune system, and will get a lend of her ability to fight off infection until their own immune system is made
A placenta is essential for the development of a baby
Food and oxygen pass through the placenta along the umbilical cord
Sperms have tails
Need to swim to the egg
Genetics
Is the study of the inheritance of characteristics
Chromosomes
The nucleus of each sex cell (gamete) contains 23 thread like structures
Chromosomes are made
Of protein and DNA
Genes
Are chemicals found on chromosomes that pass on information from parents to children
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Human body cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes
46 chromosomes. One set comes from the mother the other from the father. Each sex cell (gamete) has 23 chromosomes
