planning instruction Flashcards
Bloom’s Taxonomy
hierarchical guide for developing objectives to address lower- and higher- order thinking skills; describes learning objectives in three domains: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor
instructional or learning standards are …
clear statements of what the student is expected to accomplish; used so that teachers and students are clear about what students are responsible for mastering
Cognitive Domain (notes)
emphasizes academic and social learning; six levels - remembering: rote memorization of specific information; understanding: explaining information in one’s own words; applying: using information in a particular situation; analyzing: examining the various parts of information; evaluating: appraising information or data; creating: constructing something unique by combining information
advance organizer
an introduction to a lesson that provides an overall organizational scheme for the lesson
authentic activity
an approach to instruction similar to one students might encounter in the outside world
backward design
an approach to instructional planning in which a teacher first determines the desired end result (i.e., what knowledge and skills students should acquire) and then identifies appropriate assessments and instructional strategies
Bloom’s Taxonomy (terms)
taxonomy of six cognitive processes, varying in complexity, that lessons might be designed to foster`
convergent thinking
process of pulling several pieces of information together to draw a conclusion or solve a problem
creative thinking
new and original behavior that yields a productive and culturally appropriate result
critical thinking
process of evaluating the accuracy and worth of information and lines of reasoning
curricular web
visual representation of organized content and useful for instructional planning as it identifies how concepts are connected
deductive reasoning
process of drawing a logical inference about something that must be true, given other information that has already been presented as true
divergent thinking
process of mentally moving in a variety of directions from a single idea
higher-level cognitive process
cognitive process that involves going well beyond information specifically learned (e.g., by analyzing, applying, or evaluating it)
inductive reasoning
collecting data to draw a conclusion that may or may not be true
instructional goal
a desired long-term outcome of instruction
instructional objective
desired outcome of a lesson or unit
lesson planning
instructional planning that requires writing a predetermined guide for a lesson that identifies learning goals or objectives, necessary materials, instructional strategies, and one or more assessment methods
para-educator
(paraprofessional educator) - a person who is trained to serve as an instructional assistant or teacher aide and is responsible for specialized assistance to classroom teachers or students
problem solving
going beyond the simple application of previously learned rules to formulate new answers and achieve a goal
proximal goal
a concrete goal that can be accomplished within a short time period; it may be a stepping stone toward a longer-term goal
scope
the breadth and depth of content to be covered in a curriculum over a certain period of time (e.g., week, grading period, year, or K-12)
sequence
the order in which content is delivered to learners over time
social negotiation
aspect of learning process that relies on collaboration with others to co-construct meaning while respecting different perspectives
task analysis
process of identifying specific knowledge, behaviors, or cognitive processes necessary to master a particular subject area or skill
transfer
phenomenon in which something a person has learned at one time affects how the person learns or performs in a later situation
unit plan
a long-range plan covering one topic through multiple lessons and integrating the learning of skills and concepts for various subject areas including reading, writing, mathematics, science, social studies and the arts
