Chapter 7 Flashcards
collaboration
philosophy about how to relate to others - how to learn and work
cognitive apprenticeship
mentorship in which a teacher and a student work together on a challenging task and the teacher gives guidance about how to think about the task
collective self-efficacy
shared belief of members of a group that they can be successful when they work together on a task
cooperative learning
approach to instruction in which students work with a small group of peers to achieve a common goal and help one another learn
creativity (creative thinking)
new and original behavior that yields a productive and culturally appropriate result
differentiated instruction
practice of individualizing instructional methods and possibly also individualizing specific content and instructional goals to align with each student’s existing knowledge, skills, and needs
direct instruction
approach to instruction that uses a variety of techniques in a fairly structured manner to promote learning of basic skills
discovery learning
approach to instruction in which students develop an understanding of a topic through firsthand interaction with the environment
divergent thinking
process of moving mentally in a variety of directions from a single idea
expository instruction
approach to instruction in which information is presented in more or less the same form in which students are expected to learn it
guided participation
child’s performance with guidance and support of an activity in the adult world
heterogeneous ability grouping
strategy that groups students of varied ability instead of by grade/age level
inductive reasoning
collecting data to draw a conclusion which may or may not be true
learner-centered instruction
approach to teaching in which instructional strategies are chosen largely on the basis of students’ existing abilities, predispositions, and needs
learner-directed instruction
approach to instruction in which students have considerable say in the issues they address and how to address them
learning strategy
intentional use of one of more cognitive processes for a particular learning task
long-term memory
component of memory that holds knowledge and skills for a relatively long time
peer tutoring
approach to instruction in which one student provides instruction to help another student master a classroom topic
problem-based learning
classroom activity in which students acquire new knowledge and skills while working on a complex problem similar to those in the outside world
project-based learning
classroom activity in which students acquire new knowledge and skills while working on a complex, multifaceted project that yields a concrete end product
service learning
activity that promotes learning and development through participation in a meaningful community service project
teacher-directed instruction
approach to instruction in which the teacher is largely in control of the content and the course of the lesson
working memory
component of memory that holds and actively thinks about and processes a limited amount of information
