Chapter 7

Question 0

collaboration

Answer 0

philosophy about how to relate to others - how to learn and work

Question 1

cognitive apprenticeship

Answer 1

mentorship in which a teacher and a student work together on a challenging task and the teacher gives guidance about how to think about the task

Question 2

collective self-efficacy

Answer 2

shared belief of members of a group that they can be successful when they work together on a task

Question 3

cooperative learning

Answer 3

approach to instruction in which students work with a small group of peers to achieve a common goal and help one another learn

Question 4

creativity (creative thinking)

Answer 4

new and original behavior that yields a productive and culturally appropriate result

Question 5

differentiated instruction

Answer 5

practice of individualizing instructional methods and possibly also individualizing specific content and instructional goals to align with each student’s existing knowledge, skills, and needs

Question 6

direct instruction

Answer 6

approach to instruction that uses a variety of techniques in a fairly structured manner to promote learning of basic skills

Question 7

discovery learning

Answer 7

approach to instruction in which students develop an understanding of a topic through firsthand interaction with the environment

Question 8

divergent thinking

Answer 8

process of moving mentally in a variety of directions from a single idea

Question 9

expository instruction

Answer 9

approach to instruction in which information is presented in more or less the same form in which students are expected to learn it

Question 10

guided participation

Answer 10

child’s performance with guidance and support of an activity in the adult world

Question 11

heterogeneous ability grouping

Answer 11

strategy that groups students of varied ability instead of by grade/age level

Question 12

inductive reasoning

Answer 12

collecting data to draw a conclusion which may or may not be true

Question 13

learner-centered instruction

Answer 13

approach to teaching in which instructional strategies are chosen largely on the basis of students’ existing abilities, predispositions, and needs

Question 14

learner-directed instruction

Answer 14

approach to instruction in which students have considerable say in the issues they address and how to address them

Question 15

learning strategy

Answer 15

intentional use of one of more cognitive processes for a particular learning task

Question 16

long-term memory

Answer 16

component of memory that holds knowledge and skills for a relatively long time

Question 17

peer tutoring

Answer 17

approach to instruction in which one student provides instruction to help another student master a classroom topic

Question 18

problem-based learning

Answer 18

classroom activity in which students acquire new knowledge and skills while working on a complex problem similar to those in the outside world

Question 19

project-based learning

Answer 19

classroom activity in which students acquire new knowledge and skills while working on a complex, multifaceted project that yields a concrete end product

Question 20

service learning

Answer 20

activity that promotes learning and development through participation in a meaningful community service project

Question 21

teacher-directed instruction

Answer 21

approach to instruction in which the teacher is largely in control of the content and the course of the lesson

Question 22

working memory

Answer 22

component of memory that holds and actively thinks about and processes a limited amount of information