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Principle of management > Planning > Flashcards

Planning Flashcards

1
Q

what are the purpose of planning

A

help deal with uncertainty,both for the organization and for individual career

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2
Q

what are the three different possible career paths

A

linear ,steady spiral

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3
Q

what is planning?

A

coping with uncertainty by formulating future courses of action to achieve specified results.
-setting goals and deciding how to achieve them.

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4
Q

what does planning and strategic management do

A

establish the organizations mission and vision formula the grand strategy formulate the strategic plans then the tactical and operational plans implement the strategic plans control the strategy

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5
Q

planning requires us to what

A

planning requires you to set aside the time to do it you may have to make some decisions without a lot of time to plan

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6
Q

how does planning helps us

A

helps you check on your progress helps you coordinate activities helps you think ahead helps you cope with uncertainty

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7
Q

what are a social media crisis management plan all marketers can follow

A

separate logic from emotion address the issue directly screenshot everything add negative keyword filters archived images on Instagram

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8
Q

what are the four basic strategic types

A

prospectors reactors analyzers and defenders

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9
Q

what are defenders experts at

A

experts at producing and selling narrowly defined products or services

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10
Q

defenders tend not to stick what

A

they tend not to seek opportunities outside their present market

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11
Q

what are prospectors focus on

A

focus on developing new products and in seeking out new markets rather than waiting for things to happen

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12
Q

what is linear careers

A

move up the organization in a series of jobs

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13
Q

what is declining career

A

in which a person reaches a certain level and then after a time begins descending back to the lower levels

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14
Q

what is the steady state career

A

comfortable with a certain occupation and you stay with it

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15
Q

what is the spiral career

A

holding different jobs that build on one another

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16
Q

what are the three types of uncertainty

A

state
effect
response

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17
Q

what process that involves managers from all parts of organizations

A

strategic management

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18
Q

a company described as aggressive is often what organization

A

prospector organization

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19
Q

reactor is opposite to what

A

passive and reactive

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20
Q

who introduced the adaptive cycle

A

Miles and Snow

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21
Q

who are analyzers

A

let other organizations take the risk of product development and marketing then imitate or perhaps lightly improve what seems to work best

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22
Q

who are reactors

A

make adjustments only when finally forced to by environmental pressures

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23
Q

what are the three kinds of business problem

A

entrepreneurial
engineering
administrative

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24
Q

what are the process of making plans

A 
mission statement
vision statement
strategic planning
tactical planning
operational planning
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25
Q

planning consists of translating what

A

an organisation’s mission into objectives

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26
Q

what is organizations purpose express as?and what it becomes express as?

A

purpose-mission statement

becomes-vision statement

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27
Q

question ‘what is our reason for being’ is for what statement

A

mission

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28
Q

question ‘what do we want to become’ for what statement

A

vision

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29
Q

what is mission

A

expresses the purpose of the organization

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30
Q

what is vision

A

long term goals describing “what” an organisation wants to become
clear sense of the future and the actions needed to get there

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31
Q

what are the three types of planning for three levels of management

A

strategic planning-top manager
tactical planning-middle manager
operational planning- first line manager

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32
Q

strategic planning is determined by who

A

top manager

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33
Q

technical planning is determined by who

A

middle managers

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34
Q

operational planning is determined by who

A

first line managers

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35
Q

durations for every itch of types of planning

A

SP- for the next 1-5 years
TP-for the next 6-24 months
OP- for the next 1-52 weeks

36
Q

what is goals

A

specific commitment to achieve a measurable result within a stated period

37
Q

goals is known as what

A

objectives

38
Q

strategic goals and tactical goals is set by who

A

SG-top manager

TG-middle manager

39
Q

operational goals is set by who

A

first-line manager

40
Q

what does the abbreviation smart means

A 
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Results-oriented
Target dates
41
Q

what does strategic planning determine and requires

A

determine what the organization’s long term goals should be for the next 1-5years with the resources they expect to have available.
requires visionary and directional thinking

42
Q

what does tactical planning determine

A

determine what contributions their department or similar work units can make with their given resources

43
Q

what does the operational planning determine

A

determine how to accomplish specific tasks with available resources within the next 1-52 weeks

44
Q

managers in top level need to be what

A

need to pay attention to environment outside the organization, be future oriented, deal with uncertain and highly competitive conditions

45
Q

middle management have to implement what

A

implement policies and plans of top management

46
Q

goals are arranged in hierarchy known as what

A

means-end chain

47
Q

what does means end chain mean

A

in the chain of Management the accomplishment of low-level goals is the means leading to the accomplishment of high level goals or ends.

48
Q

strategic goals focus on what

A

focus on objectives for the organization as a whole

49
Q

operational goals concerned with what

A

concerned with short-term matters associated with realizing tactical goals

50
Q

tactical goals focus on what

A

focus on action needed to achieve strategic goals

51
Q

what are the relationship between goal difficulty and performance

A

/ committed individuals with adequate ability
- committed individuals who are working at capacity
\ Individuals who lack commitment to high goals

52
Q

what is the purpose of goals

A

to achieve a measurable result within the stated period

53
Q

what is action plan

A

the course of action needed to achieve the stated goal

54
Q

what is operating plan

A

typically designed for a 1 year period, defines how you will conductyour business based on the action plan, it identifies clear targets such as revenue, cash flow and market share

55
Q

what is standing plan

A

plans developed for activities that occur repeatedly over a period of time

56
Q

what does standing plan consist of

A

policies
procedures
rules

57
Q

what is policy

A

a standing plan that outlines the general response to a designated problem or situation

58
Q

what is procedure

A

a standing plan that outline the response to particular problems or circumstances

59
Q

what is rule

A

a standing plan that designateds specific required action

60
Q

what is single use plans

A

a plan developed dor activities that are not likely to be repeated in the future

61
Q

what are the difference between program and project

A

program- a range of projects

project- less scope and complexity than a program

62
Q

what are MBO stands for

A

Management By Objectives

63
Q

what are the four steps of MBO

A
  1. Manager and employees jointly set objectives
  2. Manager develop action plan
  3. manager and employees periodically review performance
  4. manager gives performance appraisal and rewards to employee according to results.
64
Q

what are the three types of objectives in MBO

A

Improvement
Personal
Maintenance

65
Q

what are the purpose and examples of improvement objectives

A

purpose-express performance to be accomplished in a specific way for a specific area
eg. reduce food spoilage by 15%

66
Q

what are the purpose and example of personal development objective

A

purpose express personal goals to be realized

eg. attend 5 days of leadership training

67
Q

what are the duration for operating plan

A

1 year

68
Q

operating plans usually identifies what

A

clear targets such as revenue cash flow and market share

69
Q

a rule allowed no room for what

A

for interpretation

70
Q

what are the two types of single use plan

A

project and program

71
Q

who suggested the management by objectives and when was it suggested s

A

suggested by Peter drucker in 1954

72
Q

what are the purpose of MBO

A

to motivate rather than control subordinates

73
Q

it’s important to have what to make the objectives practicable

A

It’s necessary to have back and forth negotiation

74
Q

what are the result from research about joint participation

A

impels people to set more difficult goals- to raise the level of aspirations which may have a positive effect on their performance

75
Q

the objectives should be expressed in what

A

writing and should be SMART

76
Q

what are the purpose and example of maintenance objectives

A

purpose-express the intention to maintain performance at previously established level
eg. continue to meet the increased sales goals specified last quarter

77
Q

what is cascading objectives

A

3 things have to happen:

  1. Top management must be committed
  2. It must be applied organization-wide
  3. Objectives must “cascade” - objectives are structured in unified hierarchy, becoming more specific at lower levels
78
Q

what are the planning control cycle

A
  1. Make the plan
  2. Carry oyt the plan
  3. control the direstions by comparing the results of the plan
  4. Contol the directions by taking corrective actions in 2 ways
    - correcting deviation
    - improving future plans
79
Q

what do the four step planning control cycle helps us

A

keep in control

80
Q

the planning control cycle make sure what

A

you’re headed in the right direction

81
Q

what are the two ways in corrective action

A

correcting deviations

improving future plan

82
Q

why does frequent communication necessary

A

so that everyone will know how well he or she is doing in meeting the objectives

83
Q

during meeting manager should give employee what

A

feedback

84
Q

objectives should be

A

should be updated and revised

85
Q

what does MBO viewed as

A

learning process

86
Q

what are the importance of deadline

A 
help concentrate
focus 
paying attention to details
ignore unnecessary
most important- realizing goals on time and on budget
87
Q

what does deadline provides

A

provide a mechanism for giving ourselves feedback

Principle of management (5 decks)

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