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Principle of management > Management Theory > Flashcards

Management Theory Flashcards

1
Q

what is the evidence-based management

A

translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice bringing nationality to the decision making process

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2
Q

what are the four steps involved in evidence-based management

A

observe and gather facts post a possible solution or explaination based on those facts make a prediction of future events test the prediction under systematic conditions

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3
Q

what are the two overarching perspectives and what viewpoints are they consisted of

A

historical perspective classical behavioral and quantitative contemporary perspective systems contingency and quality

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4
Q

what are the five practical reasons for studying this chapter

A
  1. understanding the present
  2. guide to action
  3. source of new ideas
  4. clues to meaning of your manager’s decision
  5. clues to meaning of outside events
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5
Q

what is the classical viewpoint and what are they branched of

A

emphasis on ways to manage work more efficiently

branched of , scientific management and administrative management

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6
Q

what is scientific management

A

emphasized the scientific study of work meethods to improve the productivity of individual workers

by Frederick W. Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

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7
Q

what are the four principles of scientific management

A
  1. Scientifically study each part of the task
  2. carefully select workers with the right abilities
  3. Give workers the training and incentives to do the task
  4. use scientific principles to plan the work methods
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8
Q

what is the administrative management

A

concerned with managing the total organization

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9
Q

who is Henri Fayol

A
  • French engineer and industrialist

- first to identify the major functions of management

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10
Q

what is bureaucracy theory according to Max Weber

A

Bureaucracy was a rational, efficient, ideal organization based on the principles of logic

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11
Q

how will we know whether the next ‘fix it all’ book to hit the business bestseller list is simply a recycling of old ideas

A

you have to studied history

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12
Q

how can management be approached

A

deliberately, rationally, systematically

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13
Q

what are the ways a good doctor or a good manager works

A

to act with knowledge while doubting what you know

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14
Q

what are the 3 truths evidence-based management is based on

A
  1. Therr are few really new ideas
  2. True is better than new
  3. Doing well usually dominates
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15
Q

when was the classical perspective originated

A

1900s

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16
Q

what is the meaning of soldiering

A

underachieving

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17
Q

what is the differential rate system

A

more efficient workers earned higher wages

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18
Q

if principles of scientific management is used correctly it can enhance what

A

can enhance productivity

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19
Q

what are the five positive bureaucratic features

A
  1. A well defined hierarchy of authority
  2. Formal rules and procedures
  3. A clear division of labor
  4. Impersonality
  5. Careers based on merit
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20
Q

what are the problem of classical viewpoint

A
  • mechanistic

- tends to view humans as cogs within a machine, not taking into account the importance of human needs

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21
Q

why are classical viewpoint important

A

work activity was amenable to a rational approach
-through the application of scientific methods,time and motion studies, and job specialization it was poss6 to boost productivity

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22
Q

what does behavioral viewpoint emphasised on

A

emphasize d the importance of understanding human behaviour and of motivating employees toward achivement

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23
Q

how many phases does behavioral VP consist of and what are they

A
  1. Early Behaviorism
  2. The human relations movement
  3. Behavioral science
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24
Q

who pioneered early behaviourism

A

Munster erg, Follet & Mayo

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25
Q

what does human relation movement propose

A

Human relations movement proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity

by Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor

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26
Q

what is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A 
Self actualization
Esteem
Social
Safety
Psychological
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27
Q

why Fayol is important

A

Fayol was the first to identify the major functions of management -planning organizing , leading and controlling as well as coordinating the first four of which you’ll

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28
Q

what are the most important ideas from Mary Parker follet

A
  1. organizations should be operated as communities with managers and subordinates working together in harmony
  2. conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties a process she called integration
  3. the work process should be under the control of workers with the relevant knowledge rather than of managers who should act as facilitators
29
Q

what is Hawthorne effect

A

employees worked harder if they received added attention,thought that managers cared about their welfare and that supervisors paid special attention to them

30
Q

more jobs satisfaction lead to what

A

s

31
Q

according to Alfie Kohn research competition makes people become what

A

s

32
Q

what are the theories of Douglas Mcgregor

A

Theory of X and Y.

Theory X - represents pessimistic, negative view of workers
-workers are irresponsible, resistant to change,lack of ambition, hate work and want to be led

Theory Y - represent an optimistic, positive view of workers
-workers are considered capable of accepting responsibility,self-direction,self control and being creative

33
Q

Why Theory X/Y is important

A

-can help managers avoid falling into the trap of self fulfilling prophecy

34
Q

what s self fulfilling prophecy and the classical example of a self-fulfilling prophecy

A

the idea that if a manager expects subaordinate to act in a certain way,the worker may,in fact, very well act that way, thereby confirming the manager’s expectations

example: the bank failures during the Great Depression. Even banks on strong financial footing sometimes were driven to insolvency by bank runs

35
Q

what does behavioral science relies on

A

scientific research for developing theories about human behaviour that can be used to provide practical tools for manager

36
Q

what is quantitative management

A

application to management of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations

37
Q

what is management science

A

focuses using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making

38
Q

what is operations management

A

focuses on managing the production and deliveries of organization’s products or services more effectively

39
Q

what is system viewpoint

A

regards the organization as a system of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose Inp

40
Q

what are the four parts of system

A
  1. inputs
  2. transformational 3. processes
  3. outputs
  4. feedback
41
Q

what are the inputs and example

A

the people, money, information, equipment and materials required to produce an organisation’s goods or services
eg. for a jewellery designer- design, money, artistic tallent, gold and silver, tools and marketing expertise

42
Q

what are transformational processes and example

A

the organization’s capabilities and technology that are applied in converting inputs into outputs.
eg. designer management skill, gold and silver smiting tool expertise, website for marketing

43
Q

why management science is important

A

it stresses the use of rational, science based techniques and mathematical models to improve decision making and strategic planning

44
Q

what does operations management help ensure

A

ensure that business operations are efficient and effective

45
Q

what is system

A

a set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose

46
Q

what are outputs and example

A

the products services profits losses employees satisfaction or discontent and etc produced by the organization example gold and silver rings earrings bracelets

47
Q

what are feedback

A

information about the reaction of the environment to the outputs which affects the inputs example web customers like african-style designs disliked imitation old English designs

48
Q

what are the two types of system

A

close system -little interaction with its environment and open system- continually interacts with its environment

49
Q

what does contingency viewpoint emphasizes

A

emphasizes that managers approach should vary according to individual and the environmental situation
most practical because it addresses problems on a case by case basis

50
Q

what is quality

A

quality is total ability of a product or service to meet customer needs

51
Q

what is quality control

A

the strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production

52
Q

what is quality assurance

A

focuses on the performance of workers urging employees to strive for zero defects

53
Q

what is total quality management

A

comprehensive approach-led by top management and supported throughout the organization dedicated to continuous quality improvement training and customer satisfaction
by Deming,juran

54
Q

what are the four components of total quantity management

A
  1. make continuous improvement a priority.
  2. get every employee involved
  3. listen to and learn from customer and employees
  4. use acccurate standards to identify and eliminate problem.
55
Q

what is learning organization

A

organization that actively creates a quietest and transfer knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge

56
Q

how can manager build a learning organization

A

built a commitment to learning work to generate ideas with impact work to generalize ideas with impact

57
Q

what is open system

A

continually interact with its environment

58
Q

what is closed system

A

have little to no interaction with environment

59
Q

what does open system attempts to

A

a dumpster ensure a continuous learning process in order to correct old mistakes and avoid new ones

60
Q

why does contingency viewpoint the most practical one

A

It addresses problems on a case by case basis

61
Q

what does Deming suggested that managers should stress on

A

teamwork, try to be helpful rather than simply give orders and make employees feel comfortable about asking questions

62
Q

what does Joseph m Jordan define quality as

A

fitness for use

63
Q

what are the three parts of learning organization

A

creating and acquiring knowledge
transferring knowledge
modifying behavior

64
Q

what is virtual organizations

A

an organization whose members are geographically apart usually working with email collaborative computing and other computer connections

65
Q

what are the reasons for organization to become a learning organizations

A
  • the rise of virtual organization
  • the rise of boundaryless organization
  • the imperative for speed and innovation
  • the increasing importance of knowledge workers
66
Q

Early Behaviorism according to Hugo Munsterberg

A
  1. Study jobs and determine which people are the best suited to specific jobs
  2. I dentitfy the psychological conditions under which employees do their best work
  3. Devise Management strategies to influence employees to follow management’s interests
67
Q

Early Behaviorism according to Mary Parker Follet

A
  1. Organization should be operated as ‘comunities’
  2. Conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties
  3. The work process should be under control of workers with relevant knowledge
68
Q

what does human relations movement proposed?

A

better human relations could increase productivity

Principle of management (5 decks)

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