Planet 2 Flashcards
Paralellism in a series…
Candidate expected to lose in south, win in west, and (to) dominate north.
Paralellism in common two part constructions…
“Both X and Y”; “Not only X, but also Y”; “Either X or Y”; “Neither X nor Y”; and “Just as X, so Y”…helpful to cover up the whole phrase and see if the sentence still makes sense.
Semicolon use…
Either to separate independent clauses (stand alone sentences), or to separate complex items in a list
For =
Because
Avoid comma splice errors
Insert semicolon when conjunction is absent
Whatever comes after either…
Must also come after or
If you start a sentence with a participial phrase (-ed, -ing)…
It must logically modify the noun that follows
When participial phrases come in the middle…
They modify the noun that they follow
When a participial phrase comes at the end…
It’s confusing, bc they can modify the subject of the clause even though they are very far from the modifier
Which clauses….
Are highly restrictive in use. They must modify the noun coming IMMEDIATELY before it
Probability of A =
of A outcomes / # of total outcomes
Probability of A or B =
Prob A + Prob B - Prob Both
Probability of A and B =
Prob A x Prob B
Mutually exclusive events…
Events than can never occur together. Prob yanks + prob sox WS = 0
Complementary events
One or the other must happen… Pa + Pb = 1
Independent events
One has no impact on the other
Dependent events
One has impact on the other (drawing cards in a deck…without replacement
Simultaneously in probability means…
Without replacement
“At least one” in probability…
Complementary to 1. 1 - solved for
Pairs probability
If the question asks for any pair (as opposed to a specific pair, like aces) the first draw doesnt matter - you will draw something. The calcs begin when you start determining how likely it is you’ll match it
Binomial Probability
When asked prob of a sequence of events with a 50% chance…combinatorics formula gets you the numerator. Number of outcomes gives denominator (coin flip 5 times…2 options…2^5)
If you need to guess…
Look for answer choices that sum to 1
Comparisons - LIP Structure
Logical, Idiomatic, Paralell
Logical structure in comparisons
Avoid apples to oranges
Idiomatic structure in comparisons
When a comparison is started with as, it must finish with an as
When a comparison begins with more, less, or an form of -er (taller, greater)…
It must be completed with than
The phrase “compared to”
Can only be used with standard adjectives (tall, wealthy) and cannot use comparative adjectives (taller, wealthier)
Paralellism
Swimming/running. Not Swimming/To run
Knowing when dealing with a comparison…
When you see important comparative trigger words like “less than/more than,” “as many as/as much as.” “like/unlike” or “that of/those of”, you know you are dealing with a comparison.
When dealing with comparisons, ask…
What is the goal of this comparison?
In comparisons, check for…
Redundancy. If you have “more often” you are already drawing a comparison. You don’t need to use “compared to”…redundant
Correct answers to inference questions…
MUST BE TRUE
How to know dealing with inference…
Which of the following can be implied, inferred, must be true
Attacking inference questions
Find definitive proof and hold up to a “could this be false” standard
Beware of inferences that are…
Probable or possible. Or basing your answer on outside knowledge
Inference questions initial reading…
Never answer based on initial reading, go back and find concrete evidence
