Plan Implementation Flashcards
1
Q
Purpose of taxes
A
- generate revenue to finance government
- redistribute income
2
Q
What are the three types of taxes?
A
- progressive = percent of income paid in taxes increases as income rises - example is federal tax system
- proportional = tax rate is the same regardless of income - example is property tax
- Regressive = percentage of income paid in taxes decreases as income rises - example would be if dollar amount of tax was the same regardless of income
3
Q
What criteria should be considered during implementation of a tax?
A
- Fairness - should reflect the ability to pay
- Certainty - should be fairly applied
- Convenience - should be convenient to pay
- Efficiency - should allow collection and enforcement to be a straightforward process
- Productivity - should provide a stable source of revenue
- Neutrality - should not change the way a government would normall use its resources
4
Q
Consistency doctrine
A
- legal requirement that your regulations or capital improvements comply with the comprehensive plan
- may or may not be required by state law
- ordinances out of line with comp plan are subject to invalidation under the zoning enabling legislation
- some states also require plans to be internally consistent
- best practices have zoning, capital improvements, rezonings, and zoning amendments conform to the future land use maps in the comprehensive plan
5
Q
What are strategies for accountable implementation?
A
- connect plan implementation to the capital planning process
- connect plan implementation to the annual budgeting process
- establish interagency and organizational cooperation
- identify funding sources for plan implementation
- establish implementation indicators, benchmarks, and targets
- regularly evaluate and report on implementation progress
- adjust the plan as necessary based on the evaluation
6
Q
Conformance-based evaluation
A
- more literal
- sees planning as having the ability to control future development
- views plans as blueprints
- the more outcomes conform with the plans, the more successful the plan has been
- one variation focuses on evaluating the achievement of goals more generally even if not in strict accordance with land use plan
7
Q
Performance-based evaluation
A
- views plans as decision-making tools
- more in line with incrementalism
- achievement of end-state goals are not the main concern
- any result that is deemed desirable could be considered a success
8
Q
what are barriers to plan implementation?
A
- cultural
- political
- property rights
- legal challenges to proposed land use changes
- financial pressures to keep existing land use patterns in place
9
Q
What should a policy/plan evaluation framework consider?
A
- utility - who wants the evaluation results and for what purpose?
- feasibility - are the evaluation procedures practical, given the resources available?
- propriety - is the evaluation being conducted in a fair and ethical way?
- accuracy - are approaches at each step accurate?
10
Q
What are differences between policy evaluation and program evaluation?
A
- policy evaluation requires a system or community level of analysis
- program evaluation requires a program level of analysis
- the scale and scope of data collection may be greater with policy evaluations
11
Q
Performance perspective in policy evaluation
A
- considers utilitzation
- did the plan prove useful for subsequent decision-making?
12
Q
Conformance perspective in policy evaluation
A
- investigate the extent to which policies or implementation substantively align with the recommendations made by the plan
13
Q
What would the evaluation of general plans, laws, regulations, and other implementation involve?
A
- document review
- interviews with key informants
- data analysis
14
Q
What would the evaluation of policies, programs, and practices involve?
A
- broader set of project-participating organizations
- document review
- interviews or surveys of key informants
