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AICP Prep > American Planning Movements > Flashcards

American Planning Movements Flashcards

1
Q

City Beautiful

A
  • beautiful cities would inspire moral and civic virtue
  • beaux-arts style civic centers
  • first introduced at World’s Columbian Exposition, 1893, Chicago
  • McMillan plan of 1902 for DC
  • Daniel Burnham

Late 1800s - early 1900s

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2
Q

Garden City

A
  • Self-contained city; population 32,000 on 6,000 acres; house 30,000 people on 1,000 acres and remaining land & population for farming
  • economic and social reform, corporate land ownership
  • Letchworth, Welwyn Garden City, and Wythenshawe in UK
  • Sunnyside Gardens - 1922 - first attempt but not full garden city, just planned community
  • Radburn, NJ - 1928 - 1st american garden city
  • Ebenezer Howard, Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, Clarence Stein, Henry Wright

late 1800s - mid 1900s

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3
Q

What planning movement is associated with Daniel Burnham?

A

City Beautiful

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4
Q

What planning movement is associated with Ebenezer Howard

A

Garden City

Letchworth
Welwyn Garden City
Wythenshawe

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5
Q

What planning movement is associated with Lewis Mumford and Benton Mackaye?

A

Garden City

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6
Q

What planning movement is associated with Clarence Stein and Henry Wright?

A

Garden City

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7
Q

What planning movement is associated with Chicago?

A

City Beautiful
during the Columbian Exposition
1893

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8
Q

What planning movement is associated with Letchworth, UK?

A

Garden City
New Towns Program

1903
First Garden City

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9
Q

What planning movement is associated with Sunnyside Gardens?

A

Garden City

1st attempt at Garden City but really just a planned community

Clarence Stein
1922

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10
Q

What planning movement is associated with Radburn, NJ?

A

Garden City

1st american garden city

Clarence Stein and Henry Wright
1928

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11
Q

City Efficient

(or City Scientific)

A
  • focus on function and efficiency
  • engineers, attorneys, etc over architects
  • reaction against City Beautiful

year?

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12
Q

City Humane

A
  • focus on jobs and housing
  • during/following Great Depression

1930s

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13
Q

Greenbelt Towns Program

(or Green Towns Program)

A
  • formed by the resettlement administration in 1935
  • Greendale, WI
  • Greenhills, OH
  • Greenbelt, MD

1935-?

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14
Q

What planning movement is associated with Greendale, WI?

A

Greenbelt Towns Program
(or Green Towns Program)

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15
Q

What planning movement is associated with Greenhills, OH?

A

Greenbelt Towns Program
(or Green Towns Program)

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16
Q

What planning movement is associated with Greenbelt, MD?

A

Greenbelt Towns Program
(or Green Towns Program)

17
Q

New Towns Program

A
  • Britain New Towns Act of 1946
  • based on Garden Cities
  • failed to achieve ideals
  • most lack industry and city centers, instead becoming residential suburbs
  • Park Forest, IL; Reston, VA; Columbia, MD
  • move poor urban residents out of city

1946-?

18
Q

What planning movement is associated with Park Forest, IL?

A

New Towns Program

19
Q

City Functional

A
  • emphasized administrative efficiency
  • coincident with growth of military and industrialization

1940s

20
Q

What were Ebenezer Howard’s 3 garden cities?

A

Letchworth
Welwyn Garden City
Wythenshawe

21
Q

Urban Renewal

A
  • “slum” clearance
  • more public housing

1930s - 1960s

22
Q

What planning movement is associated with Reston, VA?

A

New Towns

23
Q

What planning movement is associated with Columbia, MD

A

New Towns

24
Q

Smart Growth

A
  • compact development, mixed-use
  • wide range of housing options
  • walkable neighborhoods, transportation options
  • prevent sprawl and encourage sustainability
  • preserve open space

1970s -

way to build cities, towns, and neighborhoods that are economically prosperous, socially equitable, and environmentally sustainable.

25
Q

The Great Society

A
  • President Lyndon Johnson
  • eliminate poverty and racial injustice
  • education, poverty, transporation

mid 1960s

26
Q

Edge Cities

A
  • from growth of automobile
  • primarily residential or agricultural areas previously
  • developed into areas with more businesses and jobs than residents
  • Tysons Corner, VA
  • Joel Garreau (wrote Edge City: Live on the New Frontier)
27
Q

What planning movement is associated with Tysons Corner, VA?

A

Edge Cities

28
Q

What planning movement is associated with Joel Garreau? What was his book?

A
  • Edge Cities
  • Edge City: Life on the New Frontier
  • 1991
29
Q

Back to the City Movement

A
  • movement of more upper income people back into the city and other core areas
  • Reversing trends from 1950s and 1960s population decline to suburbanization

2000s -

30
Q

New Urbanism

A
  • walkable neighborhoods, interconnected land uses, sustainability, creating a sense of place
  • Seaside, FL first new urbanist town - 1981

1980s - today

31
Q

Suburbanization

A
  • just after WWII
  • housing shortages, people wanted to live outside the city,
  • increased focus on the family, separation of work and home

1950s-

32
Q

Broadacre City

A
  • Frank Lloyd Wright
  • each family given 1 acre of land
  • surrounding community has some office and apartments and a train station
  • car is primary form of transporation
  • The Disappearing City published in 1932
33
Q

Hippodamus

A
  • Father of urban planning
  • developed the Hippodamian Plan or grid plan
  • ancient Greek urban planner
34
Q

Sanitary Reform and Public Health Movement

A
  • coincides with rapid rate of urbanization
  • goal to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and epidemics

mid 1800s

35
Q

Settlement Housing Movement

A
  • social movement
  • goal to connect rich and poor
  • Settlement Workers, often middle class, would live and volunteer their time in settlement houses
  • Most famous is Chicago’s Hull House founded by Jane Addams in 1889

late 1800s- early 1900s

36
Q

What planning movement is associated with San Francisco?

A

City Beautiful

1906

Daniel Burnham’s Plan for San Francisco
first application of City Beautiful in a major American City

37
Q

What planning movement is associated with President Roosevelt?

A

Greenbelt Towns Program / Green Towns Program

1930s

Via the resettlement administration
During the great depression

38
Q

What planning movement is associated with the Resettlement administration?

A

Greenbelt Towns Program / Green Towns Program

1930s

President Roosevelt
Great Depression

AICP Prep (18 decks)

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