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COM - Repro > Placental Development - 2/24 Cole > Flashcards

Placental Development - 2/24 Cole Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in sperm capacitation?

A

Remove epididymal and seminal glycoproteins
INC membrane permeability to Ca
This maximizes cAMP which increases sperm motility

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2
Q

What are the 3 main events in fertilization?

A
  1. Sperm binding to ZP3
  2. Acrosome reaction
  3. Sperm-egg fusion
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3
Q

What enzymes are released during the acrosome reaction?

A

Neuramidase

Acrosin

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4
Q

What prevents polyspermy in fertilization of the egg?

A

Cortical reaction where proteases are released from cortical granules

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5
Q

What is required for sperm to fuse with the egg?

A

Izumo (CD9)

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6
Q

The cortical reaction has what components and what happens in each?

A

Fast component - change in resting potential of oocyte PM prevents polyspermy

Slow component - release of cortical granules

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7
Q

How many cells is a morula?

What does it differentiate into?

A

8 cells

Blastocyst

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8
Q

Layers of blastocyst?

A

Outer trophoblast

Inner cell mass

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9
Q

What is apposition?

A

Adhesion to endometrium

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10
Q

What do trophoblastic and endometrial cells express?

A

Integrins

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11
Q

Cells of the decidual reaction store what?

Under influence of what?

A

Lipids and glycogen

Progesterone

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12
Q

What does the decidual reaction consist of?

A 
Vascular and endematous endometrial stroma
Secretory endometrial glands
Apical microprocesses (pinopodes)
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13
Q

What are apical epithelial cellular protrusions of the endometrium called?

A

Pinopodes

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14
Q

What is located between the endometrial cells, which must be reduced to allow synciotrophoblast to get through?

A

Desmosomes

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15
Q

When is uteroplacental circulation established?

A

When trophoblastic cells are in direct contact with maternal blood

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16
Q

What begins the secretion of hCG?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

17
Q

What immunosuppressive substance inhibits the activity of NK cells at the implantation cite?

A

PGs

18
Q

What do infiltrating leukocytes in the endometrial stroma secrete to prevent maternal tissue rejection of the implanting embryo?

A

IL-2

19
Q

What don’t Syncytiotrophoblastic cells express?

A

MHC II

Therefore cannot present Ags to CD4 T cells

20
Q

What is a primary villus formed by?

A

Core of cytotrophoblast covered by multinucleated Syncytiotrophoblast

21
Q

What is a secondary villus formed by?

A

Inner core of XE mesoderm
Middle cytotrophoblast
Outer Syncytiotrophoblast

22
Q

What is the distinguishing feature of tertiary villi?

A

Presence of capillaries

23
Q

What are the 2 parts of placenta and where are they from?

A

Chorion frondosum - embryo

Decidua basalis - mother

24
Q

What are the Fx of the placenta?

A

Exchange of gases
Transfer of IgG
Rh D antigen isoimmunization
Steroid hormone production

25
Q

What are the 3 components of the maternal Decidua?

A

Basalis, capsularis, parietalis

26
Q

Where does the implantation site of the blastocyst happen?

What part overlays this?

A

Basalis

Capsularis

27
Q

What is the chorionic villus?

A

Basic structure involved in maternal-fetal exchanges

28
Q

What is the placental barrier composed of?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast
Cytotrophoblast
XE mesenchyme
Fetal endothelium

29
Q

What is a placental abruption?

A

Premature separation of normally implanted placenta, hemorrhage into the Decidua basalis, impaired oxygenation of fetus

30
Q

What is placenta previa?

A

Implantation of placenta over the cervical OS

31
Q

What is placenta accreta?

Placenta in increta?

Placenta percerta?

A

Abnormal trophoblastic invasion

Into the myometrium

Through serosa and surrounding tissues

32
Q

What happens in uterine Atony?

What causes it?

Tx?

A

Contractions of the uterine muscles not strong enough -> postpartum bleeding

Abnormal labor, enlarged uterus, fibroids (Leiomyomas)

Oxytocin

33
Q

What is lithopedion?

A

Fetal death with ectopic pregnancy

Too large to be reabsorbed and it calcifies

34
Q

What are GTD tumors composed of?

What is indicitive of GTD?

Tx?

A

Trophoblastic tissue

high B-hCG

Chemotherapy

35
Q

What is a complete mole karyotype?

Presence of fetal tissue?

Hydropic villi?

Trophoblastic hyperplasia?

A

46XX or 46XY paternal origin

Absent

Extensive - look like grapes

Extensive w/atypia

36
Q

Partial mole karyotype?

Presence of fetal tissue?

Hydropic villi?

Trophoblastic hyperplasia?

A

Triploidy or tetraploidy

Present bc of maternal chromosomes

Limited and focal

Focal w/mild atypia

37
Q

What is an invasive mole?

A

Invasion of myometrium of edematous chorionic villi covered with layers of proliferative trophoblastic cells

B-hCG moderately elevated

38
Q

What is choriocarcinoma?

A

Admixture of malignant cytotrophoblast and Syncytiotrophoblast

No villi

39
Q

Where does sperm maturation occur?

Sperm capacitation?

A

Epididymis

Female reproductive tract

COM - Repro (15 decks)

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