Male Reproductive Histo - 2/22 Cole

Question 1

What are the 4 main parts of the male reproductive system?

Answer 1

Testes
Efferent duct system
3 accessory glands
Penis

Question 2

What are the 3 accessory glands?

Answer 2

Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands

Question 3

What are the 3 layers of the seminiferous tubules outer to inner?

Answer 3

Tunica propria - outer
Basal lamina
Seminiferous epithelium

Question 4

Where are Sertoli cells located?

Answer 4

All 3 layers

Question 5

What do peritubular (myoid) cells do?

Answer 5

Contract the tube to help push most developed cells into the lumen

Question 6

Describe the structure of Sertoli cells

Answer 6

Tall, branched columnar cells that rest on BM
Pale, oval nucleus w/prominent nucleolus
Protect developing spermatids

Question 7

What do Sertoli cells respond to?

What is between Sertoli cells?

Answer 7

FSH

Tight/occluding junctions

Question 8

What prevents the immune system from attacking Sertoli cells?

Answer 8

Blood-testes barrier

Question 9

What are the fx of Sertoli cells?

Answer 9

Physical support
Phagocytosis of residual bodies
Secretion of substances
Nutritional regulation for spermatogenic cells

PPSN

Question 10

What do Sertoli cells secrete?

Answer 10

Fluid for sperm transport
ABP
Inhibit
AMH
activin (positive feedback for FSH)

Question 11

What is Sertolic Cell Only Syndrome (SCOS)?

What do Leydig cells have?

How do you get SCOS?

Answer 11

No spermatogenic cells present, therefore infertile

Reinke crystalloids

Congenital or acquired (radiation, chemo, trauma)

Question 12

What 3 groups of spermatogonium are there?

Which is most primitive?

Answer 12

Ad, Ap, B

Ad

Question 13

Describe division of spermatogonia to form spermatocytes

Answer 13

Ad -> Ap -> B -> primary spermatocyte -> secondary spermatocyte -> spermatids

Question 14

Describe the chromosomes and ploidy for primary spermatocytes

Answer 14

46, 4n

Diploid chromosomes, tetraploid for DNA

Question 15

Most primary spermatocytes are seen where?

How long does this phase last?

What are the spermatogenic cells like?

Answer 15

Prophase

22 days

Largest

Question 16

What chromosomes and ploidy are secondary spermatocytes?

Answer 16

23, 2n

Closer to the lumen

Question 17

What are the chromosome number and ploidy for spermatids?

What kind of nuclei do they have?

What shape?

Answer 17

23, n

Heterochromatic nuclei

Round

Question 18

Where are spermatozoa located?

What are the nuclei like?

Chromosome # and ploidy?

Answer 18

Lumen of seminiferous tubules

Dark and flattened nuclei

23, n

Question 19

What are the 4 major events of spermiogenesis?

Answer 19

Dev: flagellum
Acrosome
Manchette
Nuclear condensation (protamines)

Question 20

What happens in the Golgi phase of spermiogenesis?

Answer 20

Centrioles migrate and proacrosome forms

Question 21

What happens in the cap phase of spermiogenesis?

Answer 21

Make acrosomal cap, hydrolytic enzymes restricted to the head end
Flagellum grows out of a centriole

Question 22

What happens during the acrosomal phase of spermiogenesis?

Answer 22

Flagellum emerge from axonemal complex of 1 centriole to form tail

Other centriole forms 9 rings

Band of microtubules surrounds nucleus (manchette)

Question 23

What happens in the maturation phase of spermiogenesis?

Answer 23

Nucleus flattens and elongates
Mitochondria migrate
Residual body phagocytozed
Sperm released into the lumen

Question 24

When are somatic histones replaced by sperm-specific histones?

What are they specifically?

Answer 24

Maturation phase

Protamines

Question 25

What form do the flagellum have?

Answer 25

9 + 2 microtubules form axoneme

Question 26

Alternate name of Kartagener's syndrome? What causes it? Result?

Answer 26

Primary ciliary dyskinesia No dynein arms Sperm cannot swim bc flagellum fucked -> infertility, prone to uri's

Question 27

What is oligospermia? Hypospermia?

Question 28

How do you get oligospermia or hypospermia?

Answer 28

deletion of AZF region in Y chromosome

Question 29

What do Leydig (interstitial) cells secrete? What do they respond to? Where are they located?

Answer 29

Testosterone LH In clusters bw tubules

Question 30

What is cryptorchidism? Risk for what?

Answer 30

Undescended testes Infertility and testicular cancer Need to be at 34-35 degrees Celsius

Question 31

Mumps have increased incidence of what? What is a varicocele?

Answer 31

Acute orchid is Dilation of veins in spermatic cord and DEC in sperm production

Question 32

Describe how the sperm leave the scrotum

Answer 32

Seminiferous tubules -> straight tubules/rete testes -> efferent ductules -> epididymis -> ductus deferens

Question 33

What kind of cells are the straight/rete testes?

Answer 33

Low cuboidal | Fibroblasts and myoid cells for peristalsis present

Question 34

What kind of epithelium present in efferent ductules?

Answer 34

Ciliated columnar (propel sperm) and low cuboidal/Microvilli principal cells (absorb testicular fluid)

Question 35

What kind of epithelium in epididymis?

Answer 35

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and principal cells/stereocilia Have a sheath of circular smooth m.

Question 36

Fx of epididymis epithelium?

Answer 36

Peristaltic contractions propel sperm towards ductus deferens

Question 37

3 main fxs of epididymis?

Answer 37

Sperm transport to tail for storage Storage until ejaculation Maturation: acquire forward motility pattern and acquire specific surface proteins

Question 38

What is the ductus deferens derived from?

Answer 38

Mesonephric duct from Mesonephros (2nd kidney)

Question 39

How are seminal vesicles separated from the rectum?

Answer 39

Rectovesical pouch and Rectovesical septum

Question 40

What do the seminal vesicles secrete? What does it contain? What % of ejaculate?

Answer 40

Alkaline viscous fluid Fructose, PGs 60-70%

Question 41

What does the prostate secrete for sperm?

Answer 41

Nutrients Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) Proteases such as PSA which acts as anticoagulant

Question 42

What regulates prostatic secretory release?

Answer 42

DHT

Question 43

What surrounds the prostate gland to eject prostate fluid into seminal fluid during ejaculation?

Answer 43

Smooth muscle

Question 44

How do you recognize prostate gland?

Answer 44

Corpora amylacea

Question 45

What are the 4 clinical zones of the prostate?

Answer 45

Peripheral, central, transitional, periurethral

Question 46

Where is BPH located? Prostate cancer?

Answer 46

Central zone Peripheral zone

Question 47

What does urethral obstruction lead to? Eventually what?

Answer 47

Hypertrophy of the detrusor m. Diverticula may form, vesicoureteral reflux, ureteral dilation, INC UTI

Question 48

Where are the bulbourethral glands located? Fx?

Answer 48

Superior to perineal membrane, embedded w/in sphincter urethrae Mucus-like secretions lubricate the urethra

Question 49

What are the 2 main fxs of the male reproductive system?

Answer 49

Production and storage of spermatozoa | Synthesis and secretions of male sex hormones (androgens)