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COM - Repro > Male Reproductive Histo - 2/22 Cole > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Histo - 2/22 Cole Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the male reproductive system?

A

Testes
Efferent duct system
3 accessory glands
Penis

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2
Q

What are the 3 accessory glands?

A

Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of the seminiferous tubules outer to inner?

A

Tunica propria - outer
Basal lamina
Seminiferous epithelium

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4
Q

Where are Sertoli cells located?

A

All 3 layers

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5
Q

What do peritubular (myoid) cells do?

A

Contract the tube to help push most developed cells into the lumen

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6
Q

Describe the structure of Sertoli cells

A

Tall, branched columnar cells that rest on BM
Pale, oval nucleus w/prominent nucleolus
Protect developing spermatids

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7
Q

What do Sertoli cells respond to?

What is between Sertoli cells?

A

FSH

Tight/occluding junctions

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8
Q

What prevents the immune system from attacking Sertoli cells?

A

Blood-testes barrier

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9
Q

What are the fx of Sertoli cells?

A

Physical support
Phagocytosis of residual bodies
Secretion of substances
Nutritional regulation for spermatogenic cells

PPSN

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10
Q

What do Sertoli cells secrete?

A 
Fluid for sperm transport
ABP
Inhibit
AMH
activin (positive feedback for FSH)
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11
Q

What is Sertolic Cell Only Syndrome (SCOS)?

What do Leydig cells have?

How do you get SCOS?

A

No spermatogenic cells present, therefore infertile

Reinke crystalloids

Congenital or acquired (radiation, chemo, trauma)

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12
Q

What 3 groups of spermatogonium are there?

Which is most primitive?

A

Ad, Ap, B

Ad

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13
Q

Describe division of spermatogonia to form spermatocytes

A

Ad -> Ap -> B -> primary spermatocyte -> secondary spermatocyte -> spermatids

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14
Q

Describe the chromosomes and ploidy for primary spermatocytes

A

46, 4n

Diploid chromosomes, tetraploid for DNA

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15
Q

Most primary spermatocytes are seen where?

How long does this phase last?

What are the spermatogenic cells like?

A

Prophase

22 days

Largest

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16
Q

What chromosomes and ploidy are secondary spermatocytes?

A

23, 2n

Closer to the lumen

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17
Q

What are the chromosome number and ploidy for spermatids?

What kind of nuclei do they have?

What shape?

A

23, n

Heterochromatic nuclei

Round

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18
Q

Where are spermatozoa located?

What are the nuclei like?

Chromosome # and ploidy?

A

Lumen of seminiferous tubules

Dark and flattened nuclei

23, n

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19
Q

What are the 4 major events of spermiogenesis?

A

Dev: flagellum
Acrosome
Manchette
Nuclear condensation (protamines)

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20
Q

What happens in the Golgi phase of spermiogenesis?

A

Centrioles migrate and proacrosome forms

21
Q

What happens in the cap phase of spermiogenesis?

A

Make acrosomal cap, hydrolytic enzymes restricted to the head end
Flagellum grows out of a centriole

22
Q

What happens during the acrosomal phase of spermiogenesis?

A

Flagellum emerge from axonemal complex of 1 centriole to form tail

Other centriole forms 9 rings

Band of microtubules surrounds nucleus (manchette)

23
Q

What happens in the maturation phase of spermiogenesis?

A

Nucleus flattens and elongates
Mitochondria migrate
Residual body phagocytozed
Sperm released into the lumen

24
Q

When are somatic histones replaced by sperm-specific histones?

What are they specifically?

A

Maturation phase

Protamines

25
Q

What form do the flagellum have?

A

9 + 2 microtubules form axoneme

26
Q

Alternate name of Kartagener’s syndrome?

What causes it?

Result?

A

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

No dynein arms

Sperm cannot swim bc flagellum fucked -> infertility, prone to uri’s

27
Q

What is oligospermia?

Hypospermia?

A
28
Q

How do you get oligospermia or hypospermia?

A

deletion of AZF region in Y chromosome

29
Q

What do Leydig (interstitial) cells secrete?

What do they respond to?

Where are they located?

A

Testosterone

LH

In clusters bw tubules

30
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

Risk for what?

A

Undescended testes

Infertility and testicular cancer

Need to be at 34-35 degrees Celsius

31
Q

Mumps have increased incidence of what?

What is a varicocele?

A

Acute orchid is

Dilation of veins in spermatic cord and DEC in sperm production

32
Q

Describe how the sperm leave the scrotum

A

Seminiferous tubules -> straight tubules/rete testes -> efferent ductules -> epididymis -> ductus deferens

33
Q

What kind of cells are the straight/rete testes?

A

Low cuboidal

Fibroblasts and myoid cells for peristalsis present

34
Q

What kind of epithelium present in efferent ductules?

A

Ciliated columnar (propel sperm) and low cuboidal/Microvilli principal cells (absorb testicular fluid)

35
Q

What kind of epithelium in epididymis?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and principal cells/stereocilia
Have a sheath of circular smooth m.

36
Q

Fx of epididymis epithelium?

A

Peristaltic contractions propel sperm towards ductus deferens

37
Q

3 main fxs of epididymis?

A

Sperm transport to tail for storage
Storage until ejaculation
Maturation: acquire forward motility pattern and acquire specific surface proteins

38
Q

What is the ductus deferens derived from?

A

Mesonephric duct from Mesonephros (2nd kidney)

39
Q

How are seminal vesicles separated from the rectum?

A

Rectovesical pouch and Rectovesical septum

40
Q

What do the seminal vesicles secrete?

What does it contain?

What % of ejaculate?

A

Alkaline viscous fluid

Fructose, PGs

60-70%

41
Q

What does the prostate secrete for sperm?

A

Nutrients
Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP)
Proteases such as PSA which acts as anticoagulant

42
Q

What regulates prostatic secretory release?

A

DHT

43
Q

What surrounds the prostate gland to eject prostate fluid into seminal fluid during ejaculation?

A

Smooth muscle

44
Q

How do you recognize prostate gland?

A

Corpora amylacea

45
Q

What are the 4 clinical zones of the prostate?

A

Peripheral, central, transitional, periurethral

46
Q

Where is BPH located?

Prostate cancer?

A

Central zone

Peripheral zone

47
Q

What does urethral obstruction lead to?

Eventually what?

A

Hypertrophy of the detrusor m.

Diverticula may form, vesicoureteral reflux, ureteral dilation, INC UTI

48
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands located?

Fx?

A

Superior to perineal membrane, embedded w/in sphincter urethrae

Mucus-like secretions lubricate the urethra

49
Q

What are the 2 main fxs of the male reproductive system?

A

Production and storage of spermatozoa

Synthesis and secretions of male sex hormones (androgens)

COM - Repro (15 decks)

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